GI

Question 1

Gingival hypertrophy > gingivectomy / biting on own gums indicates what

Answer 1

Side effect of calcium channel blockers or phenytoin

Question 2

Bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus) indicates what?

Answer 2

Achalasia, if in lower GI imaging is a sign of bowel obstruction

Question 3

Grey turners (lumbar redness) and cullens sign (umbilical redness) positive indicates what?

Answer 3

Acute pancreatitis

Question 4

Causes of acute pancreatitis

Answer 4

• idiopathic
• gallstones
• ethanol
• trauma
• steroids
• mumps
• autoimmune
• scorpion bites / stings
• hyperlipidaemia / hypothermia / hypercalcaemia
• ERCP
• drugs

Question 5

Murphys sign positive indicates what?

Answer 5

Cholecystitis

Question 6

Pale stools, jaundice and abdominal pain indicates what?

Answer 6

Biliary obstruction

Question 7

Abdominal distention, caput medusae and shifting dullness indicates what?

Answer 7

Portal hypertension and ascites

Question 8

Pyoderma gangrenosum and erythema nodosum indicates what?

Answer 8

Crohns / UC

Question 9

Tinkling bowel sounds indicates what?

Answer 9

Bowel obstruction

Question 10

Vesicular rash and wright loss indicates what?

Answer 10

Coeliac disease

Question 11

Virchows node (left supra-clavicular) indicates what?

Answer 11

Gastric cancer

Question 12

Urea breath test is used for what?

Answer 12

H pylori

Question 13

13C breath test indicated what?

Answer 13

Bacterial overgrowth

Question 14

Rice-water like stools indicates what?

Answer 14

Vibrio cholera

Question 15

Pulmonary biliary cirrhosis has the presence of what?

Answer 15

Presence of AMA (anti mitochondrial antibodies)

Question 16

Autoimmune hepatitis has the presence of what?

Answer 16

Presence of ASMA (anti smooth muscle antibodies)

Question 17

Alpha feto protein assay indicates what?

Answer 17

Hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)

Question 18

Cobblestone mucosa indicates what?

Answer 18

Indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa, found in crohns disease

Question 19

Name the diuretic used for ascites due to cirrhosis

Answer 19

Spironolactone

Question 20

Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow indicates what?

Answer 20

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

Question 21

Severe abdominal pain and diarrhoea after raw milk indicates what?

Answer 21

Campylobacter

Question 22

Russells sign indicates what?

Answer 22

Self induced vomiting

Question 23

Urea breath test indicates what?

Answer 23

H pylori

Question 24

Mallorys hyaline bodies indicates what?

Answer 24

Alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis

Question 25

Crypt abscess / cryptitis indicates what?

Answer 25

Inflammatory bowel ulcerative colitisac

Question 26

Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts indicates what?

Answer 26

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Question 27

Signet ring cells seen on biopsy indicates what?

Answer 27

linitisplastica, diffuse stomach cancer

Question 28

Thumb-printing on X-ray commonly at splenic flexure indicates what?

Answer 28

Ischaemic colitis

Question 29

Charcots triad is what?

Answer 29

Fever, jaundice and abdominal pain secondary to acute cholangitis

Question 30

Name causes of abdominal mass

Answer 30

- AAA - crohns - hernia - enlarged organ - malignancy - intussusception - cyst or abscess - appendicitis - lymphadenopathy

Question 31

Name causes of bowel obstruction

Answer 31

- bolus - adhesions - tumour - hernia - volvulus - intussusception - pseudo-obstruction - stricture

Question 32

Pale stools, jaundice, abdominal pain indicates what?

Answer 32

Biliary obstruction

Question 33

Abdominal distention, caput medusae, shifting dullness indicates what?

Answer 33

Portal hypertension and ascites

Question 34

Colicky loin pain radiating to groin indicates what?

Answer 34

Ureteric colic

Question 35

What type of mouth disease do people with crohns have?

Answer 35

Stomatitis gangrenosum

Question 36

Jaundice and constant right upper quadrant pain indicates what?

Answer 36

Biliary colic

Question 37

Vesicular rash and weight loss indicates what?

Answer 37

Coeliac disease

Question 38

Severe epigastric pain radiating to back associated with vomiting indicates what?

Answer 38

Acute pancreatitis

Question 39

Periumbilical pain radiating to right iliac fossa indicates what?

Answer 39

Acute appendicitis

Question 40

Central abdominal pain, expansible pulsatile mass indicates what?

Answer 40

AAA

Question 41

Iliac fossa pain, positive pregnancy test indicates what?

Answer 41

Ectopic pregnancy

Question 42

Asterixis (liver flap) indicates what?

Answer 42

Encephalopathy

Question 43

Leuconychia indicates what?

Answer 43

Hypoalbuminemia

Question 44

Koilonchyia indicates what?

Answer 44

IDA

Question 45

Angular stomatitis indicates what?

Answer 45

IDA

Question 46

Buccal pigmentation indicates what?

Answer 46

PJ syndrome

Question 47

Glossitis indicates what?

Answer 47

B12 deficiency

Question 48

Aphthous ulceration indicates what?

Answer 48

Crohns or coeliac disease

Question 49

Craggy hepatomegaly indicates what?

Answer 49

Liver malignancy

Question 50

Bronze pigmentation with DM indicates what?

Answer 50

Haemochromatosis

Question 51

Anti-mitochondrial antibody positive indicates what?

Answer 51

PBC

Question 52

Name causes of liver disease

Answer 52

- autoimmune - hep B - hep C - drugs - ethanol - fatty liver disease (NASH in obesity) - growth - haemodynamic flow - infiltration (iron) - infective

Question 53

Treatment of ascites is what?

Answer 53

Spironolactone

Question 54

When an NSAID is prescribed, what is also prescribed alongside?

Answer 54

A PPI due to the tendency of NSAIDs to cause adverse effects such as peptic ulcers

Question 55

A reducible mass is what?

Answer 55

A reducible mass