GI

Question 1

1. Gingival Hypertrophy -> Gingivectomy/Biting on own gums

Answer 1

Side effect of Calcium Channel Blockers or phenytoin

Question 2

2. Bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus)

Answer 2

Achalasia; if in lower GI imaging is a sign of bowel obstruction

Question 3

3. Grey Turner’s (lumbar redness) and Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness) positive

Answer 3

acute Pancreatitis

Question 4

4. Mnemonic for causes of acute pancreatitis → GET SMASHED

Answer 4

Gallstones, Ethanol, Trauma, Steroids, Mumps, Autoimmune, Scorpion bites/stings, Hyperlipidaemia/hyperthermia/hypercalcaemia, ERCP, Drugs

Question 5

5. Murphy’s sign positive

Answer 5

Cholecystitis

Question 6

6. Pale stools, jaundice, abdo pain

Answer 6

biliary obstruction

Question 7

7. Abdo distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness

Answer 7

portal hypertension + ascites

Question 8

8. Pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum

Answer 8

Crohn’s/UC

Question 9

9. “Tinkling bowel sounds”

Answer 9

bowel obstruction

Question 10

10. Vesicular rash + weight loss

Answer 10

Coeliac Disease

Question 11

11. Virchow’s node (left supra-clavicular)

Answer 11

gastric cancer

Question 12

12. Urea breath test

Answer 12

H pylori

Question 13

13. 14C breath test

Answer 13

bacterial overgrowth

Question 14

14. “Rice-water”-like stools

Answer 14

vibrio cholera

Question 15

15. Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Answer 15

Presence of AMA (Anti mitochondrial antibodies)

Question 16

16. Autoimmune hepatitis

Answer 16

Presence of ASMA (anti smooth muscle antibodies)

Question 17

17. Alpha Feto Protein assay

Answer 17

hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)

Question 18

18. ‘Cobblestone mucosa’; indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa

Answer 18

found in Crohn’s Disease

Question 19

19. Diuretic for ascites (due to cirrhosis)

Answer 19

spironolactone

Question 20

20. Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow

Answer 20

diffuse oesophageal spasm

Question 21

21. Severe abdo pain + D&V after raw milk

Answer 21

Campylobacter

Question 22

22. Russell’s sign

Answer 22

self induced vomiting

Question 23

23. Mallory’s hyaline bodies

Answer 23

alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis

Question 24

24. Crypt abscess / cryptitis

Answer 24

Inflammatory Bowel CROHN’S

Question 25

25. Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts

Answer 25

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Question 26

26. “Signet RIng” cells seen on biopsy

Answer 26

Linitis plastica - diffuse stomach cancer

Question 27

27. Thumb-printing on X-ray commonly at splenic flexure

Answer 27

Ischaemic colitis

Question 28

28. Charcot’s triad

Answer 28

Acute cholangitis i.e. fever, jaundice and abdominal pain secondary to cholelithiasis.

Question 29

29. Causes for abdominal mass: A CHEMICAL

Answer 29

AAA, crohn’s, hernia, enlarged organ, malignancy, intersusception, cyst or abcess, appendicitis, lymphadenopathy

Question 30

30. Causes for bowel obstruction: BATH VIPS

Answer 30

bolus, adhesions, tumour, hernia, volvulus, intersussception, pseudo-obstruction, stricture