GI

Question 1

Calcium Carbonate (tums)

Answer 1

Antacid

Question 2

Antacid MOA

Answer 2

Nutrilize gastric acidity

Question 3

antacid AE

Answer 3

DDI, can alter absorption of electrolytes,
magnesium products: diarrhea
aluminum and calcium: constipation

Question 4

Ranitidine (Zantac)

Answer 4

H2 Blocker

Question 5

Famotidine (pepcid)

Answer 5

H2 Blocker

Question 6

H2 Blocker and PPI indication

Answer 6

works on ulcers

Question 7

H2 blocker MOA

Answer 7

reduce the secretion of stimulated acid

Question 8

H2 Blocker AE

Answer 8

“Diarrhea, muscle pain, rashes

Cimetide (antihistimine) (only with this drug) can cause gynecomastia”

Question 9

Omeprazole (Prilosec)

Answer 9

PPI

Question 10

Esomeprazole (Nexium)

Answer 10

PPI

Question 11

PPI MOA

Answer 11

irreversibly inhib H/K ATPase pump on parietal cell membrane which blocks final step in acid seretion into lumen of stomach

Question 12

PPI AE

Answer 12

well tolerated, long term use associated with gastric polyps, altered calcium metabolism, some CV abnormalities

Question 13

PPI other

Answer 13

“PPI’s do better at treating ulcers than the H2 blockers

PPI WITH ANTIBIOTIC Tx H. PYLORI”

Question 14

H2 blocker other

Answer 14

smoking decrease effectiveness of H2 blocker

Question 15

Scopolamine (transderm scop patch)

Answer 15

Antiemetics

Anticholinergic prevent motion sickness related to vomiting

Question 16

meclizine

Answer 16

Antiemetics

Antihistimine used to prevent motion sickness related to vomiting

Question 17

ondansetron (Zofran)

Answer 17

Antiemetics

serotonin blockers prevent vomiting (emesis)

Question 18

metoclopramide

Answer 18

Antiemetics

Prokinetic drug for central and perpheral antiemetic effects

Question 19

Scopolamine (transderm scop patch) MOA

Answer 19

binds to ACh receptors on vestibular nuclei, blocks communication

Question 20

Scopolamine (transderm scop patch) AE

Answer 20

dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, dilated pupils, difficulty with urination

Question 21

meclizine MOA

Answer 21

inhibit VESTIBULAR input to the CTZ

Question 22

meclizine AE

Answer 22

“H1-BLOCKERS: meclizine, cyclizine, dimenhydramine, diphenhydramine
AE: dizziness and sedation
“

Question 23

ondansetron (Zofran) MOA

Answer 23

block serotonin receptors in GI tract, CTZ, and vomiting center

Question 24

ondansetron (Zofran) AE

Answer 24

HA, DIZZINESS, diarrhea, [no extrapyramidal signs]

Question 25

ondansetron (Zofran) Other

Answer 25

*Corticosteroids may be used in combination to control chemo-induced emesis

Question 26

metoclopramide MOA

Answer 26

Blocks dopamine in CTZ

Question 27

metoclopramide AE

Answer 27

sedation, diarrhea, weakness, prolactin release; prolonged use causes extrapyramidal signs, motor restlessness. Other possible AE: hypo- and hypertension, tachycardia

Question 28

Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)

Answer 28

Antidiarrheal | Absorbent

Question 29

Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) MOA

Answer 29

binds to bacteria causing diarrhea to carry them out with feces

Question 30

Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) AE

Answer 30

aspirin product: use with caution in children recovering from flu/chickenpox, increased bleeding time, GI bleed, TINNITUS

Question 31

Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) Other

Answer 31

decrease effectiveness of many drugs

Question 32

Diphenoxylate/atropine (Limotil)

Answer 32

Antidirrheal Anticholinergic

Question 33

Diphenoxylate/atropine (Limotil) MOA

Answer 33

reduce peristalsis of GI tract

Question 34

Diphenoxylate/atropine (Limotil) AE

Answer 34

because of AE rarely first tx

Question 35

Methylcelluose (Citrucel)

Answer 35

Laxative | bulkforming

Question 36

Methylcelluose (Citrucel) MOA

Answer 36

increase water absorption >> softens and increases bulk of intestinal contents

Question 37

Methylcelluose (Citrucel) AE

Answer 37

relatively safe, not for people with abdominal pain N/V

Question 38

Polyethylene glycol 3350 (Miralax)

Answer 38

Laxative (hyperosmotic laxatives)

Question 39

hyperosomotic laxatives MOA

Answer 39

creates gradient that draws fluid into colon to increase stool fluid content and stimulate peristalsis

Question 40

hyperosomotic laxatives AE

Answer 40

abdominal bloating, rectal irritation, electrolyte imbalance

Question 41

Docusate (colace)

Answer 41

Laxative emollient laxatives

Question 42

Senna glycoside (Senna)

Answer 42

stimulant laxatives

Question 43

emollient laxatives MOA

Answer 43

"facilitate water and fat absorption into stool, lubricate fecal matter and intestinal wall "

Question 44

emollient laxatives AE

Answer 44

skin rash, decreased VITAMIN absorption, electrolyte imbalance

Question 45

stimulant laxatives MOA

Answer 45

stimulates PERISTALSIS through enteric nervous system

Question 46

stimulant laxatives AE

Answer 46

"Danger of long-term use: dependence and damage to intestinal cells/loss of colon function "

Question 47

GI PT specific considerations

Answer 47

``` "Patient positioning: individuals with gerd should avoid lying FLAT - avoid intra-abdominal pressure; avoid exercise imediately after meals Dehydration also can lead to loss in electrolytes Constipation DDI" ```