GI A&P

Question 1

best tests to evaluate liver function

Answer 1

bili, albumin, coag (INR/PT)

Question 2

Hepatic Portal System

Answer 2

Question 3

Normal Gallbladder and Vessels

Answer 3

Question 4

Sphincter of Oddi & Ampulla of Vater location

Answer 4

Question 5

Arteries of the Abdomen

Answer 5

Question 6

Pancreatic Enzymes

Answer 6

• Amylase:
  
  • breaks down carbohydrates
• Trypsin & chymotrypsin
  
  • start as zymogen or trypsinogen (inactive forms) → become active in duodenum
    
    • prevents autodigestion
  • break down proteins
• Lipase
  
  • breaks down lipids

Question 7

Acinar Cells

Answer 7

Located in the pancreas

• produce zymogen and trypsinogen
  
  • inactive forms of trypsin and chymotrypsin
  • become active when they reach the duodenum → break down proteins
    *

Question 8

Why is lipase measured in pancreatitis?

Answer 8

When the pancreatic cells get damaged they release lipase

Question 9

Which are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 9

A, D, E, & K

Question 10

What digests Carbohydrates and where are they absorbed?

Answer 10

• digestive enzymes:
  
  • salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase, brush border enzymes
• Absorption:
  
  • small intenstine

Question 11

What and where digests proteins?

Answer 11

• Digestive enzymes:
  
  • pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, brush border enzymes
• Absorption:
  
  • small intestine

Question 12

Breakdown, enzymes, and absorption of lipids

Answer 12

• breakdown/emulsification:
  
  • bile salts from the liver
• digestive enzymes:
  
  • pancreatic lipase
• absorption:
  
  • small intestine

Question 13

Mesenteries of the GI system

Answer 13

Question 14

What makes up saliva?

Answer 14

• 99.5% water
• electrolytes
• mucus
• salivary amylase: breaks down carbohydrates
• lysozyme: antibacterial enzyme

Question 15

Secretions of the Stomach

Answer 15

• Parietal cells: HCl, intrinsic factor (required for B12 absorption)
• chief cells: pepsinogen, gastric lipase
• G-cells: gastrin
• enterochromaffin-like cells: histamine
• mucosal cells: alkaline mucus

Question 16

Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur in the body?

Answer 16

jejunum

Question 17

What digestive enzymes are released by the pancreas?

Answer 17

• amylase
• trypsin
• chymotrypsin
• carboxypeptidase
• elastase
• lipase-colipase
• phospholipase A2
• cholesterol esterase - non-specific lipase
• NaHCO3

Question 18

Lynch Syndrome

Answer 18

• autosomal dominant inheritance
• call hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
  
  • inherited disorder
• associated with certain cancers:
  
  • colorectal
  • stomach
  • pancreas
  • urinary tract
  • ovary/uterus & prostate