GI A&P

Question 1

Nerves signaling swallowing center of medulla to activate swallow reflex

Answer 1

Trigeminal (V)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Question 2

Nerves involved in coordinating food movement from mouth to stomach while preventing aspiration

Answer 2

Trigeminal (V)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vegas (X)
Hypoglossal (XII)

Question 3

Semi solid food mass (after being chewed)

Answer 3

Bolus

Question 4

The process of swallowing

Answer 4

Deglutition

Question 5

Consumption

Answer 5

Food entering GI tract through the mouth

Chemical and mechanical digestion begins

Question 6

Mastication aka

Answer 6

Chewing: pulverizing food into smaller pieces

Question 7

What does Saliva (from the salivary glands, and accessory) do?

Answer 7

Moisten and breakdown food

Kill or neutralize bacteria with enzymes and antibodies it contains

Question 8

The 4 layers of the GI tract wall

Answer 8

Deep Mucosa
⬇️ Submucosa layer
Superficial Muscle layer
Serosa

Question 9

Serosa

Answer 9

Outer layer of GI wall tissue

Question 10

Muscle layer

Answer 10

2nd most superficial layer of GI wall

A circular layer and a longitudinal layer of smooth muscle

Peristalsis

Question 11

Peristalsis

Answer 11

Digestive muscles (muscle layer of GI tract wall) contract in a wave 🌊 like motion to propel food through

Question 12

Submucosa layer

Answer 12

2nd deepest muscle layer of GI wall

Connective tissue containing blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, secretory glands

Question 13

Mucosa

Answer 13

Deepest layer of GI wall tissue

Produces mucus

Epithelial mucosa cells have high turnover rate to protect tissue beneath

Question 14

Mucus

Answer 14

Produced my mucosa layer of GI tract wall

Facilitates movement of food

Protects tissue from the extreme pH conditions of GI tract that are needed to digest food

Question 15

Stomach pH

Answer 15

1-2 pH

Question 16

Hepatobiliary system

Answer 16

Liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 17

GI system (aka)

Answer 17

Digestive tract (aka)

Question 18

Purpose of GI system

Answer 18

Provide essential nutrients, electrolytes, water

By

Consumption, digestion, elimination

Question 19

Alimentary canal components

Answer 19

Oral cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Anus

Question 20

Accessory organs

Answer 20

Salivary glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Bile ducts
Pancreas

Question 21

Peritoneum

Answer 21

Large serous membrane lining abdominal cavity

Question 22

Peritoneum layers

Answer 22

Parietal peritoneum (superficial)
Peritoneal cavity (space between)
Visceral peritoneum (deep)

Question 23

Parietal peritoneum

Answer 23

Covers abdominal wall and top of bladder and uterus (most superficial)

Question 24

Visceral peritoneum

Answer 24

Encases abdominal organs (deepest)

Question 25

Peritoneal cavity

Answer 25

Space between parietal and visceral peritoneums Contains serous fluid

Question 26

Serous fluid

Answer 26

Decreases friction and facilitates movement between organs and abdominal wall

Question 27

Mesentary

Answer 27

Double layer (thicc) peritoneum w blood vessels and nerves to intestinal wall Provides support to intestines while still allowing for varied capacity and movement (peristalsis)

Question 28

Upper GI tract

Answer 28

Oral cavity Pharynx Esophagus Stomach

Question 29

Complications with the mouth or with swallowing …

Answer 29

… May lead to medical interventions allowing food to enter directly into stomach or intestines

Question 30

_______ and _______ are imperative to adequate nutrition

Answer 30

Healthy teeth and gums

Question 31

Muscular rings in esophagus

Answer 31

Moves food toward the stomach using peristalsis

Question 32

LES (lower esophageal sphincter)

Answer 32

Relaxes as food nears stomach to allow it through Prevents stomach contents from refluxing into esophagus

Question 33

Stomach

Answer 33

Expandable food and liquid reservoir

Question 34

Rugae

Answer 34

Wrinkles that form when stomach shrinks/is empty

Question 35

Stomach volume

Answer 35

Up to 4 L

Question 36

Hydrochloric acid and enzymes in stomach

Answer 36

Chemical digestions factors in stomach

Question 37

Peristaltic churning in stomach

Answer 37

Mechanically digesting factor in stomach

Question 38

Chyme

Answer 38

Highly acidic partially digested food mixture (forms in stomach)