GI and GU

Question 1

Renal papillary necrosis

Answer 1

NSAIDS

1. NSAIDS
2. Sickle cells
3. Steroids
4. Analgesia
5. Infection
6. Diabetes

Question 2

Dense Liver

Answer 2

1. Iron deposition
   
   1. haemachomatosis
   2. haemosiderosis
2. Amiodarone
3. Gycogen storage
4. Thorotrast

Question 3

Nodular liver contour

Answer 3

1. Cirrhosis
2. Treated metastatic disease
3. Budd Chiari
4. Confluent hepatic fibrosis

Question 4

Eosophageal diverticulum

Answer 4

1. Proximal
   
   1. Zenker ( cricopharyngeas)
   2. KiLian Jamieson ( Lateral)
2. Mid oesophageal
3. Distal oesophageal pulsation ( epiphrenic)

Question 5

Solitary hypodense liver mass

Answer 5

1. Liver Cyst
2. liver abscess
3. metastasis
4. Biliary cyst adenoma
5. Cholangiocarcinoma

Question 6

Multiple hypodense hepatic lesions

Answer 6

1. Hepatic cysts
2. Metastatic disease
3. hepatic abscesses
4. cholangiocarcinoma

Question 7

Right upper quadrant mass in a child

Answer 7

1. Choledochal cyst
2. Pancreatic pseudocyst
3. GI duplication cyst
4. Ovarian cystic lesion
5. Mesenteric cyst

Question 8

Oesophageal submucosal mass

Answer 8

1. Varices
2. Reflux oesophagitis
3. Varicoid oesophageal carcinoma
4. Lymphoma

Question 9

Oesophageal dilatation

Answer 9

1. Achalasia
2. Scleroderma
3. Oesophageal/ gastric carcinoma
4. Oesophagitis with stricture

Question 10

Oesophageal pseudodiverticulosis

Answer 10

1. Reflux
2. Candida
3. Superficial spreading ca
4. Drug induced oesophagitis

Question 11

Oesophageal ulcers

Answer 11

1. Reflux oesophagitis
2. Viral
   
   1. HIV
   2. CMV
   3. HSV
3. Drug- induced oesophagitis
4. caustic oesophagitis
5. Oesophageal ca

Question 12

Solid pancreatic mass

Answer 12

1. Adenoca
2. Islet cell
3. SPEN
4. Lymphoma
5. Metastasis

Question 13

Linitis Plastica

Answer 13

1. Gastric CA
2. Mets
3. Lympoma
4. Crohns

Question 14

Gastric ulcer

Answer 14

1. Peptic ulcer disease
2. Gstric carcinoma
3. Lymphoma
4. Metastatic disease
5. Zollinger Ellison

Question 15

Gastric fold thickening

Answer 15

1. Hypertrophic gastritis
2. Gastric CA
3. lymphoma
4. Metastatic disease
5. Menterier disease

Question 16

Caecal mass

Answer 16

1. Appendicitis
2. Caecal carcinoma
3. Mucocele
   
   1. cystic mass occasionally with mural calcifi cation.
4. Lymphoma
5. Adenxal mass

Question 17

Mesenteric mass

Answer 17

1. Metastatic disease
   
   1. direct spread (pancreatic and colon carcinomas)
   2. hematogenous dissemination (breast and lung carcinomas
   3. lymphatic spread (lymphoma)
   4. peritoneal seeding (gastric and ovarian carcinomas).
2. Carcinoid
3. Desmoid
4. Reative lmyphadenopathy
   
   1. TB
   2. MAC
5. Abdominal mesothelioma

Question 18

Terminal ileal wall thickening

Answer 18

1. Inflammatory bowel disease
2. Infection
3. Lymphoma
4. Ischaemia
5. Metastatic disease

Question 19

Colonic wall thickening

Answer 19

1. Infectious colitis
2. Inflammatory bowel disease
3. Colon carcinoma
4. Ischemic colitis

Question 20

Small bowel thickening

Answer 20

1. Crohns
2. Lymphoma
   
   1. nodular bowel wall thickening
   2. loss of bowel markings
3. small bowel haemorrhage
   
   1. “stack of coins”
4. Metastatic disease
5. Amyloidosis
6. Whipple disease

Question 21

Eosophageal stricture

Answer 21

1. Reflux oesophagitis
2. Drug- induced stricture
3. Oesophageal caricinoma
4. Iagtrogenic
5. Caustic ingestion
6. Radiation changes

Question 22

Small bowel dilatation

Answer 22

1. Small bowel obstruction
2. Adynamic ileus
3. Coeliac sprue
   
   • reversal of the jejunal and ileal fold patterns
4. Scleroderma
   
   • crowding of folds

Question 23

Cystic pancreatic mass

Answer 23

1. Pancreatic pseudocyst
2. mucinous cystadenoma
   
   • Elderley
   • (>2 cm) mucin-containing cysts
   • Tail of the pancreas
   • cannot be di̥fferentiated from a malignant mucinous cystadenocarcinoma on imaging- resect
3. serous cystadenoma
   
   • Middle aged
   • small cysts (<2 cm) with thin intervening septations.
   • Head of pancreas
   • safely followed with imaging.
   • von Hippel–Lindau disease.
4. IPMN
   
   • mucus can be seen emanating from the ampulla
5. SPEN

Question 24

Hypervascular liver masses

Answer 24

1. Haemangioma
2. Focal nodular hyperplasia
3. HCC
4. Hepatic adenoma
5. Hypervascular met

Question 25

Multiple splenic masses

Answer 25

1. Metatatic 1. malignant melanoma 2. lung 3. breast carcinomas 2. Lymphoma 3. Microabscesses 4. Granulomatous disease 1. Tb 2. Sarcoid 5. Infarcts

Question 26

Intrahepatic cholangiopathy

Answer 26

1. PSC 2. Ascending cholangitis 3. AIDS cholangiopathy 4. Neoplasm 5. Post transplant ischaemia

Question 27

Solid renal mass

Answer 27

1. RCC 2. Oncocytoma 3. Angiomylipoma 4. TCC 5. Lymphoma

Question 28

Multiple bilateral renal masses

Answer 28

1. LMyohoma 2. Renal infection 3. Cystic lymphangioma 4. RCC 5. Angiomyolipoma 6. Metastatic

Question 29

Renal cystic masses

Answer 29

1. Complex renal cyst 2. Cystic neoplasm- RCC 3. Multilocular cystic nephroma 4. MCDK

Question 30

Retroperitoneal mass

Answer 30

1. Retroperitoneal haemorrhage 2. Lymphadenopathy * post Rx- lymph nodes calcify 3. Retroperitoneal abscess 4. Retroperitoneal fibrosis 5. Retropertioneal sarcoma

Question 31

**C**ortical nephrocalcinosis

Answer 31

1. Acute **C**ortical necrosis 2. **C**hronic glomerulonephritis 3. **C**hronci transplant rejection 4. Oxalosis 5. Alports syndrome

Question 32

Renal medullary necrosis

Answer 32

1. Medullary sponge kidney 2. Acute tubular Acidosis 3. Hypercalcaemia 4. Papillary necrosis 5. TB