GI and Hernia

Question 1

Odd number walls are ——- and even are ——-

Answer 1

Echogenic; hypoechoic

Question 2

——— forms the outer echogenic rim

Answer 2

Periserosal fat

Question 3

Wall should not be more than — mm if distended and — mm if not distended

Answer 3

3; 5

Question 4

RLQ – McBurney’s point – line between umbilicus and iliac spine, appendix at midpoint

Answer 4

Appendix

Question 5

Gastroesophageal junction

Answer 5

Anterior to the proximal aorta

Question 6

Anterior to pancreas and posterior to longer left lobe of liver

Answer 6

Stomach

Question 7

Gastric Bezoar

Answer 7

accumulated ingested material

Question 8

Trichobezoars –
Phytobezoars –
Concretions –

Answer 8

hair balls; vegetable matter; inorganic material (sand, asphalt)

Question 9

Most common benign tumor of the stomach

Answer 9

Leiomyoma

Question 10

50% in pylorus
25% in body and fundus of stomach
Target sign
Wall thickening
Polypoid or circular

Answer 10

Gastric Carcinoma

Question 11

3% primary
Large
Echogenic
Wall thickening
Spoke wheel or bulls eye appearance

Answer 11

Lymphoma

Question 12

Lower GI Pathology – Obstruction and Dilation

Answer 12

Fluid filled bowel
Adynamic ileus (obstruction) – possibly increased peristalsing. Dynamic ileus show peristalsing
Thickened walls
Presence of free fluid

Question 13

Enlargement of appendix because of accumulation of mucous substance

Answer 13

Mucocele of the Appendix

Question 14

pouch like herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ such as stomach, small intestine, but most commonly colon

Answer 14

Diverticulum

Question 15

– distal ileum, embryological abnormality, small pouch that is a remenant of the connection to the yolk sac during fetal GI development

Answer 15

Meckel’s Diverticulum

Question 16

If it becomes inflamed can mimic appendicitis

Answer 16

Meckels Diverticulum

Question 17

Inflammation at terminal ileum, colon or both – reoccurring

Answer 17

Crohn’s Disease

Question 18

Defect in the abdominal wall

Protrusion of peritoneum and bowel through the defect

Answer 18

Hernia

Question 19

Most common anatomy involved are ——- area, ——– area and —— rings

Answer 19

umbilical; femoral; inguinal

Question 20

cannot be pushed back into abdominal cavity

Answer 20

Incarcerated

Question 21

when the blood supply is cut off, leading to necrosis and requiring resection

Answer 21

Strangulation

Question 22

Most common hernia

More prevalent in males

Answer 22

Inguinal Hernias

Question 23

most common, can be congenital, can extend into the scrotum or labia, passes anterior to inferior epigastric artery

Answer 23

Indirect

Question 24

weakness of fascia which can either stretch or tear do not extend into scrotum or labia

Answer 24

Direct

Question 25

More common in women, pregnancy relaxes tissue and can cause hernia

Answer 25

Femoral Hernia

Question 26

Variant of ventral hernia | Lateral abdominal wall

Answer 26

Spigelian Hernia