GI Disease in Farm Species Flashcards
Scours
not enough water transferred in or out of gut
inflammation - lining damage - decreased ability to absorb fluid
osmotic change
secretory change
common pathogens - viral
rotavitus
coronavirus
BVD
common pathogens - bacterial
e. coli
salmonella
clostridia - perfringens - sudden death
mycobacterium paratuberculosis
common pathogens - protozoa
cryptosporidium
coccidiosis - eimeria , weaning age - prolapsed rectums
common pathogens - worms
stronglyes - ostertagia, nematodirus, trichostrongylus, hemonchus - first grazing season
flukes - liver fluke - older animals in wet areas, autumn/winter
diagnostic tests
scour check kit - rotavirus, coronavirus, cryptosporidium, e. coli - quick on farm check
faecal worm egg count - worm eggs or coccidia oocysts
faecal culture - salmonella, johnes, clostridial toxin detection, rotavirus, coronavirus
serology - johnes, BVD
bulk milk surveillance - herd level - fluke, BVD, Johnes, salmonella - false positives
post mortem - fluke or other parasites
environmental factors
nutrition -
milk scours
peri-weaning scours
sub-acute ruminal acidosis
environment and husbandry -
failure of passive transfer
poor equipment hygiene
poor housing hygiene
mixing of age groups
stress
off feed cow - fake ddx
mastitis - off feed because feel uncomfortable and sick
chronic wasting - eating but losing weight (Johne’s)
false alarms - technology malfunction
common ddx for off feed
choke - free gas bloat - stick a stomach tube in and see if it hits anything
frothy gas bloat - gas trapped in pockets in rumen - fed clover
vagal nerve bloat - free gas bloat - hardware disease, lymph node enlargement, penumonia, tumour
hardware disease
acidosis
displacements/torsion
enteritis
acidosis
subclinical - <5.5
acute - <5
SARA - effect over time
ruminocentesis to diagnose
ketosis
common postpartum
pear drop smell
decreased production, depressed
–> fatty liver syndrom
diagnosis - ketones in milk, urine or blood
displacements/torsions
LDA -
Common postpartum
ketosis –> loss of GI tone –> enlarged abomasum slides under rumen and gets stuck
ping on left hand side
ballotment behind ribs
RDA +/- volvulus -
excess space in abdomen after calving, twisting
right side ping
abomasal ulceration -
no ping, black feces
rupture and kill via peritonitis
usually because of negative energy balance
caecal dilation -
palpte per rectum
caecal torsion -
careful if untwisting, can release toxins
