Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHA 037 - SAS 7 > GI DISEASES > Flashcards

GI DISEASES Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN CAUSES OF PEPTIC ULCER?

A

> infection of H-pylori
adverse effects of NSAIDs to GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A cell in the stomach that is responsible for gastric acid secretion

A

Parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acetylcholine and gastrin involvement in formulation gastric acid

A

binds to their receptors and increases cytosolic calcium which stimulates protein kinases that stimulates acid creation done by H+/K+-ATPase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ECL is responsible for?

A

stimulation of releasing of histamine which activates adenylyl cyclase, increasing cAMP and activates protein kinase which then stimulates secretion of gastric acid by H+/K+-ATPase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

They were the mainstay of treatment for acid peptic disorders until the advent of H2−receptor antagonists and proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs).

A

Antacids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

They were the mainstay of treatment for acid peptic disorders until the advent of H2−receptor antagonists and proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs).

A

Antacids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

with calcium-containing dairy products can lead to hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, and metabolic alkalosis

A

Milk-alkali syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes Milk-alkali syndrome?

A

Calcium carbonate antacids reacting with dairy with calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

does not causes metabolic alkalosis and belching

A

Antacids w formulation of magnesium hydroxide/ aluminum hydroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the first mechanism of H2 antagonist?

A

blockage of histamine receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the second mechanism of H2 antagonist?

A

by blocking the histamine receptor it diminishes the effect of acetylcholine and gastrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

a 5HT2 antagonist that may cause gynecomastia or impotence in men and galactorrhea in women.

A

Cimetidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

PPIs that are available in IV

A

Esomeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why PPI is administered inactive?

A

to protect the drug from being destroyed by the gastric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how many days does the PPI takes to produce its full acid-inhibiting activity?

A

3-4 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what has the AE of B. 12 def.

A

PPIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the protective device of GI mucos?

A
  • tight junctions of mucos and epithelial
  • bicarbonate secretion of epithelial
  • bicarbonate and vital nutrients by the blood to the surface cells
  • Areas of injured epithelium are quickly repaired by restitution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In water or acidic solutions it forms a viscous, tenacious paste that binds selectively to ulcers or erosions for up to 6 hours.

A

Sucralfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

has limited solubility, breaking down into SUCROSE SULFATE (strongly negatively charged) and an aluminum salt.

A

Sucralfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

prostaglandin primarily synthesizes what?

A

P. E and F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A prostaglandin produced by the gastric mucosa, INHIBITS secretion of acid and stimulates secretion of mucus and bicarbonate

A

P. E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A methyl analog of PGE1

A

Misoprostol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 2 available bismuth compounds?

A

Bismuth salicylate (OCD) and bismuth subcitrate potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Second line therapy for Bismuth compounds is

A

Quadruple therapies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Agents that increase lower esophageal sphincter pressures may be useful for?
GERD
26
Agents that enhance colonic transit may be useful for?
constipation
27
An interneuron in enteric nervous system that is important for peristaltic reflex
Myenteric plexus
28
may stimulate excitatory neurons or muscle cells directly
Motilin
29
Acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the gastrointestinal tract
Dopamine
30
STIMULATES THE MUSCARINIC M3 RECEPTORS on muscle cells and at myenteric plexus synapses
Cholinomimetic agents
31
Metoclopramide and DOMperidone are...
D2 antagonist receptor
32
The use of Dopamine inhibiting drugs may leads to?
EPS (features involuntary muscle movement)
33
directly stimulate motilin receptors
Macrolides
34
- Common preparation includes natural plants and synthetic fibers - may lead to bloating and flatus
Bulk-forming laxative
35
- Common preparation includes docusate and glycerin
Softeners laxatives
36
is a clear, viscous oil that lubricates in fecal material, retarding water absorption from the stool.
Mineral oil
37
Osmotic laxatives are soluble but nonabsorbable
Osmotic laxatives are soluble but nonabsorbable
38
commonly used osmotic laxative.
Magnesium hydroxide
39
used for complete colonic cleansing before gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures.
PEG
40
what is the optimal bowel cleansing procedure for PEG?
- 1-2L rapid ingestion in evening - another 4-6 hours before endoscopy
41
PEG does not produce significant cramps or flatus
PEG does not produce significant cramps or flatus
42
Direct stimulation of the enteric nervous system and colonic electrolyte and fluid secretion.
Stimulation laxatives
43
characteristic brown pigmentation of the colon is known as
Melanosis coli
44
prostanoic acid derivative
Lubisprostone
45
What type of chloride channel does the lubiprostone stimulates?
Type 2 chloride channel increases the choride-rich fluid secretion in the stomach
46
a type of chloride channel activator that is a 14-amino acid peptide
Linaclotide
47
a type of chloride channel activator that is a 14-amino acid peptide
Linaclotide
48
activates CFTR
Linaclotide
49
inactivates CFTR
Crofelemer
50
Linaclotide
activates CFTR
51
Crofelemer
inactivates CFTR
52
What are the two selective antagonists of the μ-opioid receptor?
Methylnaltrexone and alvimopan
53
these agents do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier, they inhibit peripheral μ-opioid receptors without impacting analgesic effects within the central nervous system.
Opioid receptor antagonist
54
- a serotonin 5-HT4 partial agonist - no affinity to 5HT3 or D2
Tegaserod
55
Has high affinity to 5HT4 for chronic constipation on WOMEN.
Prucalopride
56
- a 14 amino acids of bile salt binding resins - a key regulatory peptide
Somatostatin
57
used to patients with severe IBS
Alosetron
58
- approved for the treatment of women with IBS with predominant constipation. - is a prostanoic acid derivative that stimulates the type 2 chloride channel (ClC-2) in the small intestine
Lubiprostone
59
- approved for the treatment of women with IBS with predominant constipation. - is a prostanoic acid derivative that stimulates the type 2 chloride channel (ClC-2) in the small intestine
Lubiprostone
60
- prototypic muscarinic receptor antagonist - one of the best agents for motion sickness
Hyoscine
61
What is the major psychoactive chemical in marijuana?
Dronabinol
62
What are the two distinct types of (IBD)?
Ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease
63
Drugs that contain 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) have been used successfully for decades in the treatment of IBD
Aminosalicylate
64
5-ASA that contains Sulfasalazine, balsalazide, and olsalazine
Azo compounds
65
These 5-ASA formulations are known generically as mesalamine
Mesalamine compounds
66
What are two main contents in pancreatic enzyme supplements?
pancreatin and pancrelipase
67
an alcohol-derived extract of hog pancreas with relatively low concentrations of lipase and proteolytic enzymes, whereas pancrelipase is an enriched preparation.
Pancreatin
68
is available worldwide in both non-entericcoated and enteric-coated preparations. Formulations are available in sizes containing varying amounts of lipase, amylase, and protease.
Pancrelipase
69
a glucagon-like peptide 2 analog
Teduglutide
70
a polypeptide hormone secreted by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary
Vasopressin

PHA 037 - SAS 7 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions