GI DISEASES USMLE

Question 1

Achalasia is the failure of relaxation of rhe ___ due to loss of the _____

Answer 1

Lower esophageal sphincter

Myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus

Question 2

Xray finding of achalasia

Answer 2

Bird’s beak

Question 3

Causes of Achalasia

Answer 3

CREST

Chagas

Question 4

Transmural esophageal rupture due to violent retching

Answer 4

Boerhaaave syndrome

Question 5

Triad of dysphagia, glossitis, IDA

Answer 5

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

Question 6

Barrett’s esophaqus

Squamous cells to _____ cells

Answer 6

Columnar cells

Question 7

Infection with tropheryma whippelii geam positive

Answer 7

WHIPPLE’S DISEASE

Foamy PAS positive macrophages
Cardiac symptoms
Asthralgias
Neurologix symptoms

Question 8

RASH in Celiac Sprue

Answer 8

Dermatits herpetiformis

Question 9

Malignancy associated eith celiac sprue

Answer 9

T cell lymphoma

Question 10

Autoimmimune med intolerance of gliadin and antibodies ig tissue transglutaminase

Answer 10

Celiac sprue

Question 11

Familial adenomatous polyposis gene mutation

Answer 11

APC gene on chromosome 5q

Question 12

FAP
Osseous and soft tissue
Retjnal hyperplasia

Answer 12

Gardner’s syndrome

Question 13

FAP + malignant CNS

Answer 13

Turcot’s syndromer

Question 14

DNA mistmatch repair genes
80% progress CRC
Always involving proximal colon

Answer 14

LYNCH SYNDROME

HNPCC

Question 15

Asceding colon CA versus descencing

Answer 15

IDA weight loss

Descending ibstruction hematochezia

Question 16

Gene mutations in colon CA

Answer 16

Loss of APC gene
K-RAS mutation
Loss of p53

Question 17

Mutation of p53

Answer 17

Li Fraumeni syndrome

Question 18

Common sites of carcinoid tumor

Answer 18

Appendix ileum rectum

Question 19

Dyspepsia Alarm signs

Answer 19

10

Age > 55

Question 20

Mallory bodies present in? (Eosinophilic onclusions

Answer 20

Alcoholic hepatitis

Question 21

Mironodular currhosis

Answer 21

Alcohol drugs etc

Question 22

Due to post hepatic back flow of blood into the liver

Answer 22

Nutmeg liver

Question 23

Small osmotic gap <50

Answer 23

Secretpry diarrhea

Question 24

Rome IV criteria for IBS

Answer 24

Rome IV Criteria for Diagnosing IBS:c

Recurrent abdominal pain, on average, at least 1 day/week in the last 3 months, associated with two or more of the following criteria:

Related to defecation
Associated with a change in frequency of stool
Associated with a change in form (appearance) of stool

cCriteria fulfilled for the last 3 months with symptom onset at least 6 months before diagnosis.

Question 25

PT tests which clotting factors

Answer 25

10 7 5 2

Question 26

Child Pugh scoring

Answer 26

``` Bilirubin Ascites PR Albumin Hepatic encep ```

Question 27

MELD

Answer 27

Pr inr Birubinu Creatinine

Question 28

Thresholds for alcholic liver disease

Answer 28

Men. >60-80g/day for 10 years Wimen 20-40g per day for 10 years 12g: one bottled of beer Anstinence of 4-6 weeks reverses simple uncomplicated fatty liver

Question 29

Micronodular cirrhosis

Answer 29

<3mmh Alcohol Hemochromatosis

Question 30

Hemochromatosis genes

Answer 30

HLAA3

Question 31

Hepatic enceph grading

Answer 31

0 Normal 1 inversed sleep pattern forgetful mild confusuin, tremor, impaied handwrjtinf 2 lethargic slow responses disorientstion tk tjme Asterixis 3 somnolent but can be aroused Disor to olace Babinski 4 cona

Question 32

BISAP SCORE

Answer 32

3 or more with increased risk for inhispital mortality ``` BUN >25 I mpaired mental status GCS <15 SIRE >/= 2 of 4 present age > 60 Pleural effusion ```