GI - exam 6

Question 1

What could happen if the mucosa layer of the stomach is damaged?

Answer 1

Issues producing enough bicarb to protect the stomach

Question 2

What is included in the submucosa connective tissue layer?

Answer 2

Glands, blood vessels, and lymph nodes

Question 3

what is serosa

Answer 3

outer layer of GI tract

Question 4

what is the function of the GI tract

Answer 4

to provide nutrients to the bodys cells

Question 5

What are the organs included in the GI system?

Answer 5

mouth, rectum, stomach, esophagus, intestines, anus

Question 6

What are the associated organs to the GI tract (branches out)?

Answer 6

liver, pancreas, peritoneum, gallbladder

Question 7

What is the mesentery?

Answer 7

part of the peritoneum that connects the small and large intestines to the abdominal wall

Question 8

What is the omentum?

Answer 8

part of the peritoneum that connects the stomach to the abdominal wall

Question 9

visceral versus parietal

Answer 9

visceral is against the organ and parietal is against the abdominal wall

Question 10

What happens to the GI tract when the autonomic nervous system stimulates the parasympathetic response?

Answer 10

increased peristalsis

Question 11

What happens to the GI tract when the autonomic nervous system stimulates the sympathetic response?

Answer 11

decreased peristalsis

Question 12

What is the Meissner (submucosal) plexus in the enteric nervous system responsible for?

Answer 12

Controls the amount of secretions the glands produce within the submucosa

Question 13

What is the Auerbach (myentric) plexus in the enteric nervous system responsible for?

Answer 13

coordinating and controlling movement of food and fluids through digestive tract (motility)

Question 14

How much of the total cardiac output goes to the GI tract?

Answer 14

25-35%

Question 15

What does the celiac artery perfuse to?

Answer 15

stomach and duodenum

Question 16

what does the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) perfuse to?

Answer 16

small intestine to mid-large intestine

Question 17

where does the inferior mesenteric artery profuse to?

Answer 17

distal large intestine to anus

Question 18

Where does the blood and arteries empty into?

Answer 18

Portal vein in liver

Question 19

What are the 3 salivary glands?

Answer 19

parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual

Question 20

What is included in the upper GI?

Answer 20

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines

Question 21

What does the pharynx do?

Answer 21

initiate swallowing reflex

Question 22

How many sphincters are in the esophagus

Answer 22

2

Question 23

what quadrant is the stomach in

Answer 23

LUQ

Question 24

function of the stomach

Answer 24

store food, mix with gastric secretions, and empty into small intestine

Question 25

4 parts of the stomach include...

Answer 25

fundus, body, antrum/pylorus, 4 layer wall

Question 26

Pepsinogen, proteins, HCl, lipase, fats, intrinsic factor, pepsin conversion, and vit B12 absorption are all in what organ?

Answer 26

the stomach

Question 27

is the small intestine acidic or alkaline?

Answer 27

alkaline

Question 28

3 sections of the small intestines

Answer 28

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 29

what is the small intestines function?

Answer 29

digestion and absorption

Question 30

does small or large intestine have slower peristaltic movement?

Answer 30

large

Question 31

function of large intestine

Answer 31

fecal formation and water/Electrolyte absorption

Question 32

sections of the large intestine

Answer 32

ascending, transverse, descending

Question 33

deglutination versus mastication

Answer 33

deglutination is swallowing and mastication is chewing

Question 34

What two hormones influence appetite, glucose levels, temperature, and stomach contents?

Answer 34

ghrelin and leptin

Question 35

digestion versus absorption

Answer 35

digestion is the physical and chemical breakdown of food, but absorption is the uptake of nutrients into the bloodstream

Question 36

subjective GI assessment

Answer 36

appetite dysphagia food intolerance abdominal pain and hx n/v weight changes bowel habits nutrition

Question 37

objective GI assessment

Answer 37

physical exam radiology studies endoscopy/colonoscopy liver funx tests liver biopsy labs