Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm > GI FINAL > Flashcards

GI FINAL Flashcards

(79 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What drug can get rid of H. pylori

A

Antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

H. pylori Antibiotics treat the following?

A

All patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name 3 Risk factor for NSAID induced ulcers

A

Age over 60 years

Have a history of ulcers

High dose NSAID therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

It is important to reduce acid when diagnosed with an ulcer, what drug will treat gastric acidity ?

A

Antisecretory agents

Misoprostol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 medications to get rid of a antiulcer?

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Antisecretory
  • mucosal defense
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A 3rd way to get rid of an ulcer is by ehance mucosal defense, identify the class and drug

A

Sucralfate, misoprostol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how will u treat a patient who has an NSAID induced ulcer, what drug class and medication?

A

Proton pump inhibitors

Omeprazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If your patient is taking Misoprostol to treat a NSAID induced Ulcer, what side effects should you be aware of?

A
  • Diarrhea

- can cause miscarriage, pt. should be taking BC with this medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pepsin

A

a enzyme that contribute to ulcer formation it promotes ulcers by breaking down protein in the gut wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which drugs can cause peptic activity to increase enhancing pepsin destructive effects

A

Antacids, histamine 2 aganosits, PPI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pepsin drugs reduce acidity should be administered in doses sufficient to raise the gastric pH above?

A

5 - 5.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what education about diet should the nurse encourage a patient with peptic ulcer ?

A

Eat 5 or 6 meals a day to reduce pH fluctuations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how should the nurse educate a patient on what to avoid when having an ulcer ?

A

Avoid smoking, asprin, NSAIDS and alcohol as well as reduce stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do u monitor for?

A

pain relief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Antibiotics for H.pylori:

Bismuth

A

Disrupts bacterial cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Antibiotics for H.pylori:

Clarithromycin

A

Inhibits protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Antibiotics for H.pylori:

Amoxicillin

A

Disrupts cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What antibiotic do most patients build resistance to?

A

Amoxicillin and Tetracycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When a patient has build resistance to Amoxicillin and tetracycline what antibiotic will then be used or added to the care plan?

A

Metronidazone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Explain Triple therapy

Quadruple therapy

A

Triple therapy 7 days treatment
PPI + amoxicillin/tetracycline + metronidazone/clarithomycin

Quadruple therapy 3 day treatment
adding Bismuth to the triple therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Is one antibiotics as effective on its own ?

A

NO! if used alone the patient should be aware that they can build resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Clarithromycin (Biaxin) is a antibiotic how does it get rid of H. Pylori ?

A

Clarithromycin SUPPRESSES growth of H. pylori by inhibiting protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are some side effects of Clarithromycin ?

A

Nausea
Diarrhea
Distortion of tase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Amoxicillin is a antibiotic how does it kill H. pylori

A

H, pylori is highly sensitive to amoxicillin. But Amoxicillin can destroy the cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Amoxicillin is most effective when paired with what drug?
Amoxicillin is most effective in a neutral pH their for should be paired with a antisecretory because it will reduce the gastric acidity agent DRUG: Omeprazole
26
Most Common side effect of Amoxicillin is
Diarrhea
27
Antibiotic: | Tetracycline why should it not be used in young children and pregnant patients
because tetracycline can stain teeth and bones yellow
28
Metronidazole and Tinidazole
Side effects: nausea and headache Avoid alcohol, pregnant Metronidazole can cause disulfiram ( can treat drinking problem by making alcohol taste bad) is most resistant
29
``` Bismuth Compounds (peptobismol) Patient teaching/ and taken long term ```
causes black coloration to tongue and stool If taken long term can cause possible risk of neurologic injury
30
What causes Gastroesophageal reflux Disease (GERD)
- Fatty foods - alcohol - Caffeine - Smoking - Obesity - Pregnancy
31
what is usual treatment for GERD
PPI
32
Treatment of Heartburn, GERD, and PUD - Antacids - H2 Receptor blockers - Mucosal protective agents - anti cholinergic - prostaglandin analogs - Anti microbial
- Antacids: Neutralizes the acids - H2 Receptor blockers: Block the release of hydrochloric acid in response to gastrin - Mucosal protective agents - anti cholinergic - prostaglandin analogs - Anti microbial
33
Name antacid systemic Non systemic Calcium carbonate
Systemic antacid: Sodium bicarbonate alka sletzer Nonsysmteic: Aluminum Hydroxide (constepation) and Magnesium Hydroxide combinations (diarrhea) Calcium carbonate ( TUMS)stimulates gastric release
34
Prostaglandins
secrete gastrin and increase the secreation of the mucous lining
35
Adverse effects of Antacids
Constipation: Aluminum hydroxide Diarrhea: Magnesium hydroxide Sodium loading
36
Prototypical Antacid is
Sodium Bicarbonate ( alkseltzer) also is a NSAID
37
Indications of Antiacids | sodium bicarbonate
relief of upset stomach from acids, stress ulcer, GI bleedings, and to treat metabolic acidosis
38
Adverse effects of Antacids
``` changes in acid base levels and electrolytes Rebound acidity alkalosis head ache nausea weakness Hypercalcemia constipation and diarrhea Hypophosphatemia ```
39
ANTACID Magnesium Hydroxide | Milk of Magnesia
is a Antiacid Rapid acting, High ANC , long lasitng effects Adverse effect is diarrhea Combine with Aluminum hydroxide and antacids that promotes constipation used as laxative use caution in patient with renal failure
40
ANTACID Aluminum Hydroxide
Anti Acid Low ANC, slow acting use with magnesium hydroxide CAUTION: significant amounts of sodium Adverse effects: Constipation Drug Interaction: tetracyclines, warfarin, digoxin
41
ANTACID Calcium Carbonate
is a antiacide Acid rebound Adverse Effect: constipation which will combine with magnesium hydroxide belching and flatulence
42
Class: Proton Pump Inhibitors are most effective in and therapeutic uses
Most effective in suppressing secrestion of gastric acid Therapeutic uses: Gastric/duodenal ulcers and GERD
43
Adverse effects of PPI
- Fracture - Pneumonia - Acid rebound - Possible Cdiff
44
PPI's medications (Zole)
``` Omeprazole Lansoprazole Rebeprazole Esomeprazole Pantoprazole ``` Can be used in NSAID induced ulcer
45
PPI's are used to treat
PUD, Gastritis, GERD, and Zollinger Ellison Syndrome ( a tumor that produces gastrin) Fast release 4-8 weeks course of treatment Decrease secretion up to 95% Faster relief and healing than H2 receptor
46
Adverse Effects of PPI's
Diarrhea, abd pain, tongue atrophy Cough, stuffy nose, hoarseness, and epistaxis Rash, alopecia( hair loss), pruritus, dry skin, back pain and fever
47
PPI's should be administer when, before a meal or after ?
should be administered 1 hr before a meal so that peak serum concentration coincides with maximal activity of PP secretion
48
PPI's can be combined with
used in gastric ulcer alone or in combination with antibiotics
49
Prototype PPI's
Omeprazole
50
Adverse Effects of Omeprazole
- C diff - gastic cancer - Headache - Dizziness - Vertigo - Insomnia - Rash - Diarrhea - Abd pain - Nausea - vomiting - cough
51
What are the actions of Proton pump inhibitors
inhibit hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphatase enzyme system on the secretion surface blocking the step in acid production. Decreasing gastric acid levels
52
Omeprazole treats
short term treatment of duodenal ulcer or gastric ulcer Ulcer prophylaxis only in pt in the ICU heart burn GI reflux H.pylori infection
53
Histamine H2 Receptor Blockers | idine
- Cimetidine (Tagament): Drug interaction Inhibits P450 - Ranitidine (Zantac): Does not inhibit P450 - Nizatidine (Axid) - Famotidine (pepcid)
54
H2 Receptor Blockers Action
Prevent or treat PUD, Esophagitis, GI bleeding, Stress Ulcers, Zollinger Ellison Syndrome Suppresses 24 hr gastric secretion D to D Alter effects of drugs through interactions with CYP 450 Cimetidine inhibits metabolism of estrogen
55
what should u watch for in a pt. taking H2 receptor blocker Ranitidine and Cimetidine
- Headache - Diarrhea - Depression - GI Disturbance - Rash - dont take Cimetidine and antiacid together
56
why do we use Cimetidine H2 histamine antagonist
used with advent of PPIs - peptic ulcers - A cute stress ulcers - GI reflux GERD
57
when giving patient teaching about when ur client should take Cimetidine what should u include When giving Cimetidine (tagamet) with aluminum hydroxide (maalox)
- Cimetidine should not be taken with meals | - Wait at least 1 hr btw administration of the two medications
58
Ranitidine
More potent than Cimetidine NO antiandernergenic or prolactin stimulating effects
59
Famotidine (pepcid)
musch more potent than cimetidine
60
What is a antipeptic Agent
Sucralfate (carafate)
61
Sucralfate is a antipeptic Agent what is their actions
protects duodenal ulcer sites against acid, pepsin, and bile salts used to promote ulcer healing
62
Sucralfate is a antipepetic Agent Caution and Adverse effect
Caution ins pregnancy and lactation Adverse effects - Constipation diarrhea nausea indigestion gastric discomfort dry mouth
63
Drug to Drug Interaction of Sucralfate
Aluminum salts: Phenytoin, fluoroquinolone, penicillamine May bind with other drugs and interfere with absorption Give 2 hr before and after other drugs take on an empty stomach before meals
64
Prostaglandin are useful in
NSAID induced injury
65
Prostaglandin warning
should not be given to women of childbearing years unless you document a reliable method of B.C.
66
Pancrelipase Indications
Replacement therapy in patients with deficient exocrine pancreatic secretion
67
Adverse Effects of Pancrelipase
Nausea abdominal cramps diarrhea hyperuricosuria
68
What H2 antagonist has been associated with antiadrongenic effects? a. famotidine b. Cimetidine c. Nizatidine d. Ranitidine
b. Cimetidin Rationale: Cimetidine was the first drug in this class to be developed. Its associated with antidrongenic effects including gynecomastia and galactorrhea.
69
Name Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Ulcerative colitis and Crohns Disease
70
Which IBD is limited to the colon with Diffuse mucosal inflammation manifestations of bloody diarrhea, colicky pain, urgency, tenesmus
Ulcerative colitis
71
Which IBD is patchy transmural inflammation going around the GI system the whole width with manifestations of Abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, intestinal obstruction
Crohns Disease
72
Treatment for IBD
``` Aminosalicylates Corticosteroids Thiopurines Methotrexate Cyclosporin Infliximab ```
73
Aminiosalicylate
for mild symptoms of IBD
74
Corticosteroids
moderate. symptoms of IBD Drug: Prednisolone
75
Thiopurines
for active and chronic symptoms. Probably inhibition of cytokine and eicosanoid synthesis
76
Cyclosporin
SO MANY SIDE EFFECTS ONLY USE IF OTHER TREATMENT DO NOT WORK
77
A patient is prescribed cimetidine [Tagamet] and aluminum hydroxide [Maalox] for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. What should the nurse teach the patient to do? A. Drink an 8-ounce glass of water when taking these medications. B. Take the medications together to enhance their effectiveness. C. Take the Tagamet 2 hours before the Maalox. D. Wait at least 1 hour between administration of the two medications.
Answer: D Rationale: Cimetidine and antacids should not be administered together. The patient should be instructed to take the medications at least 1 hour apart.
78
A patient is prescribed amoxicillin and tetracycline to treat peptic ulcer disease. The nurse will instruct the patient that these medications will do what? A. Prevent GI infections that cause gastric bleeding. B. Destroy the bacteria in the stomach that are causing ulceration. C. Reduce gastric acid production and alkalize the stomach fluids. D. Reduce the secretion of pepsin in the stomach.
Answer: B Rationale: Helicobacter pylori–associated ulcers are treated with a combination of two or more antibiotics, such as amoxicillin and tetracycline.
79
Which medication is used to promote gastric ulcer healing by providing a protective barrier? A. Cimetidine B. Misoprostol C. Omeprazole D. Sucralfate
Answer: D Rationale: Sucralfate promotes ulcer healing by creating a protective barrier against acid and pepsin. Proton pump inhibitors (for example, omeprazole, lansoprazole) suppress acid secretion by inhibiting gastric H＋,K＋-ATPase, the enzyme that makes gastric acid. Misoprostol, an analog of prostaglandin E1, is used to prevent gastric ulcers caused by NSAIDs. Cimetidine and other H2RAs suppress secretion of gastric acid by blocking histamine2 receptors on parietal cells of the stomach. Helicobacter pylori–associated ulcers are treated by a combination of two or more antibiotics such as amoxicillin and tetracycline

Pharm (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions