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Pathophysiology > GI Gastritis and forward > Flashcards

GI Gastritis and forward Flashcards

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1
Q

Inflammatory disorder of the gastric mucosa

A

gastritis

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2
Q

causes of acute gastritis

A

Helicobacter pylori, NSAIDs, drugs, chemicals

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3
Q

clinical manifestations of acute gastritis

A

Vague abdominal discomfort, epigastric tenderness, and bleeding

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4
Q

trmt for acute gastritis

A

Discontinue injurious drugs.

Administer antacids.

Decrease acid secretion with H2 receptor antagonist and proton pump inhibitor

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5
Q

tell me about chronic fundal gastritis

A

Immune

Type A

Associated with autoantibodies to parietal cells and intrinsic factor, resulting in gastric atrophy and pernicious anemia

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6
Q

tell me about Chronic Antral Gastritis

A

Nonimmune

Type B

Associated with H. pylori and NSAIDs

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7
Q

alkaline reflux gastritits

A

Stomach inflammation caused by reflux of bile and alkaline pancreatic secretions

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8
Q

clinical manifestations of alkaline reflux gastritis

A

nausea, bilious vomiting, sustained epigastric pain that worsens after eating

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9
Q

what is peptic ulcer disease

A

A break or ulceration in the protective mucosal lining of the lower esophagus, stomach, or duodenum

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10
Q

types of peptic ulcers

A

acute, superficial, superficial, and deep

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11
Q

risk factors for peptic ulcer disease

A

genetics, H pylori, chronic use of NSAIDS, Excessive use of alcohol, smoking, acute pancreatitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, cirrhosis, and over 65 years of age

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12
Q

MC peptic ulcer

A

duodenal

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13
Q

risks for developing duodenal ulcers

A

lots of parietal cells, high gastrin levels, rapid gastric emptying, smoking

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14
Q

clinical manifestations of duodenal ulcers

A

chronic intermittent pain in epigastric area 30min-2 hrs after eating, relieved by food

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15
Q

where do gastric ulcers develop

A

antral region of stomach

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16
Q

how is gastrin secretion in gastric ulcers

A

normal or less than normal

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17
Q

primary defect in gastric ulcers

A

inc mucosal permeability to hydrogen ions

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18
Q

trmt for duodenal ulcers

A

antacids, proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics, surgery

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19
Q

how can you reduce risk of duodenal ulcers

A

diet high in vitamin A and fiber

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20
Q

cause of gastric ulcers

A

h pylori

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21
Q

clinical manifestations of gastric ulcers

A

chronic pain immediately after eating, anorexia, vomiting, weight loss

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22
Q

trmt for gastric ulcers

A

same as duodenal

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23
Q

stress ulcer?

A

peptic ulcer related to a severe illness, organ failure, or trauma.

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24
Q

when does an ischemic ulcer develop

A

within an hour of the event

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25
when does an curling ulcer develop
after burn from ischemia
26
when does a cushing ulcer develop
head trauma or brain surgery from hypersecretion of HCl from the vagal nuclei
27
clnical manifestations of stress ulcers
bleeding
28
trmt for stress ulcers
prophylactic therapy
29
IBD
Chronic, relapsing inflammatory bowel disorders of unknown cause
30
types of IBD
ulcerative colitis and Crohns
31
theories for causes of IBD
Genetics, changes of epithelial barrier functions, reactions to intestinal flora, Abnormal T-cell response
32
where does ulcerative colitis occur
superficial and only in colonic mucosa
33
where does chrons occur
transmural and along the entire GI tract
34
which IBD is granulomatous in character
chrons
35
risk factors for IBD
genetic, environmental
36
Immunodulation may be defective in which IBD
chrons
37
what does Immunodulation lead to
uncontrolled inflammation by cytokines and macrophages
38
common features to all IBD
mucosal ulceration and inflammation of the GI tract
39
what is ulcerative colitis?
Is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes ulceration of the sigmoid colon and rectum mucosa
40
this IDB is common in ppl 20-40 yo of jewish descent
ulcerative colities
41
causes of ulcerative colitis
infectious, immunologic (anticolon antibodies), dietary, genetics
42
tell me about the lesions in ulcerative colitis
continuous with no skipped lesions, limited to the mucosa, not transmural
43
clinical manifestations of ulcerative colitis
Diarrhea (10 to 20 bowel movements per day), bloody stools, cramps, Remission and exacerbations
44
trmt for ulcerative colitis
5-aminosalicylic acid, steroids and salicylate, immunosuppressives, broad spectrum antibiotics, surgery
45
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains (CARD15/NOD2) gene mutations has a strong association with what
crohns
46
ulcerations in this disease have a cobblestone appearance
crohns
47
tell me about the ulcerations in crohns
Longitudinal and transverse inflammatory fissures extend into lymphoid tissue
48
clinical manifestations of crohns
Abdominal pain and diarrhea (MC signs), more than five stools per day, anemia may result from malabsorption of VB12 and folic acid.
49
what IBD are skip lesions common in
crohns
50
what IBD bloody stools common in
ulcerative colitis
51
what IBD is steatorrhea common in
crohns
52
what IBD is antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody common in
ulcerative colitis
53
what IBD is antisaccharomyces cerevisiae antibody common in
chrons
54
diverticula
Herniation of mucosa through the muscle layers of the colon wall
55
diverticulosis
Asymptomatic diverticular disease
56
diverticulitis
Inflammatory stage of diverticulosis
57
causes of diverticular diseases of colon
over 60 yo, decreased dietary fiber, increased intracolonic pressure, abnormal neuromuscular function, and changes in intestinal motility
58
clinical manifestations of diverticular disease of the colon
Low cramping abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, distension, flatulence Diverticulitis: Fever, leukocytosis
59
functional gastrointestinal disorder with symptoms attributable to the mid or lower gastrointestinal tract not explained by identifiable structural or biochemical abnormalities
functional bowel disorder
60
mc gi diagnosis in us
IBS
61
mc referral to gastroenterology
IBS
62
what is IBS
Bouts of alternating diarrhea and constipation, Abdominal pain , Intestinal spasms, gas, no abnormalities
63
when do IBS symptoms usually occur
stressful events
64
main theory of IBS
biopsychosocial disease
65
diagnostic criteria for IBS
recurrent abdominal pain/discomfort for at least 3 days/month for the last 3 months that (must have 2):improve with pooping, comes with change in poop frequency or appearance
66
hidden IBS
.

Pathophysiology (17 decks)

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