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medical emergencies > GI/GU > Flashcards

GI/GU Flashcards

1
Q

risk factors

A

excessive alcohol consumption
excessive smoking
increased stress
poor bowel habits

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2
Q

visceral abdo pain

A

dull, poorly localized
originates from the walls of hollow organs

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3
Q

somatic abdo pain

A

sharp, localized pain
originates from the walls of the body

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4
Q

referred pain

A

pain that originates in a region other than where its felt

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5
Q

causes of pain

A

inflammation
distention
ischemia
irritation

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6
Q

GI system functions

A

converts food into nutrient molecules and excretes solid wastes

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7
Q

digestive tract functions

A

protects surrounding tissues against digestive acids
ingestion
mechanical processing
digestion
secretions
absorption
compaction and defecation

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8
Q

peristalisis

A

process of sequential contraction moving materials along tract (bolus)

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9
Q

urinary system

A

eliminates excess water salts and physiological waste
2 kidneys
ureters— receive urine from kidneys
bladder
urethra

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10
Q

urine volume

A

normal–1200 ML per day — osmotic concentration 1000

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11
Q

polyuria
oliguria
anuria

A

excessive amounts of urine
low amount 50-500
none 0-50

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12
Q

catheters used for?

A

prostate or other blockage
monitor fluid output
mobility issues
urine tests

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13
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

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14
Q

cullens sign

A

bruising around umbilicus— pancreatitis or ectopic

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15
Q

grey turners sign

A

bruising of the flank—- retroperitoneal hemorrhage

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16
Q

Psoas sign

A

extending hip causes pain— appendicitis

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17
Q

melena

A

black stool

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18
Q

hematochezia

A

bright red blood in tool

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19
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

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20
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of gallbladder– gall stones
fat female forty
fever, jaundice and tachy—– + murphy’s sign

21
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of stomach and intestine
diarrhea, nausea and vomiting
bacterial, viral and parasitic

22
Q

life threatening

A

AAA
ectopic
acute abdomen

23
Q

symptoms of GI tract

A

pain
vomiting
bleeding
alterations in bowel habits
alterations of liver or pancreatic function

24
Q

dehydration compesation

A

tachycardia, vasoconstriction, narrow pulse pressure

25
Q

GI bleeding

A

hemorrhage
hypovolemia

26
Q

salivary gland stone

A

calcified structure that may form inside a salivary gland or duct. can block the flow of saliva into mouth

27
Q

mallory-weiss syndrome

A

esophageal lining tears during severe vomiting

28
Q

peptic ulcer disease/causes

A

high levels of acidity in stomach or duodenum
acid eats into the organ
infection
chronic use of NSAIDs
alcohol and smoking

29
Q

pancreatitis/risk factors

A

autodigestion of the pancreas
ducts carries enzymes get blocked
alcohol consumption
gallstones
med reactions
trauma
cancer
high triglyceride levels

30
Q

appendicitis

A

more prone in males and adolescents

31
Q

diverticulitis

A

feces trapped in pouches along intestine
need fiber!

32
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

generalized inflammation of the colon
chronic inflammation
weakened dilated colon prone to infections

disease of the young

33
Q

chrons disease

A

immune system attacks GI tract
ileum inflamed

34
Q

hemorrhoids

A

swelling and inflammation of blood vessels surrounding the rectum

35
Q

kidney stones

A

severe abdominal flank pain
dysuria
oliguria and anuria in obstruction

36
Q

nephrology

A

branch of medicine devoted to renal disorders

37
Q

functions of urinary system

A

maintain blood volume
balance of water, electrolytes and pH
ensures glucose remains in blood
waste removal
regulation of arterial blood pressure
development of blood cells

38
Q

kidney failure

A

greatest factor— loss of blood pressure and blood flow to kidneys
increases with MAP below 65

39
Q

MAP

A

diastolic + (systolic-diastolic)

40
Q

non-traumatic causes of GU issues

A

inflammatory or immune mediated disease
infectious disease
physical obstruction
hemorrhage

41
Q

acute renal failure/causes

A

sudden drop in urine output –less than 400 to 500—oliguria—-anuria
hypertension
chronic heart failure
diabetes
chronic infections
autoimmune disease

42
Q

chronic renal failure

A

inadequate kidney function due to permanent loss of nephrons
70% lost

43
Q

end stage renal failure

A

80% nephrons lost
metabolic instability
dialysis or transplant

44
Q

renal calculi

A

kidney stones
severe pain
blood in urine
dysuria
fever chills

45
Q

UTI

A

infection at any site of urinary tract
promotes urinary stasis

46
Q

Chlamydia

A

gross

47
Q

gonorrhea

A

male— dysuria ans urethral discharge’
female—lower abdo pain
dysurya

48
Q

nosocimial

A

disease contracted while at hospital

49
Q

mictutition

A

emptying bladder

medical emergencies (1 decks)

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