Flashcards in GI/GU Deck (33)
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1
28 yo previously healthy male, who presents with a 2 day h/o diffuse abdominal pain, diarrhea and temperature of 103.8°C. Mild diffuse abdominal tenderness on exam. Labs pending. Which imagining studies should be ordered?
#1 CT Abdomen and Pelvis with Contrast
#2 Acute Abd Series x-rays (supine, upright, left lateral decubitus)
2
Which f/u imaging studies can evaluate for an acute episode of inflammatory bowel disease presenting as colonic edema?
CT Abdomen and Pelvis with Contrast
MRI Abdomen and Pelvis with Contrast
(contrast helps demonstrate extra-luminal complications)
3
Contraindications to CT IV contrast media?
Renal Function impairment (BUN/Cr >20:1, or Cr > 2.0, 1.6 in diabetics. GFR
4
Radiographic evaluation of suspected Crohn's disease?
UGI with small bowel follow through (Aphthoid ulcers) and barium enema (terminal ileum involvement)
5
Obese 44 y/o mother with RUQ, temp 101. Normal LFTs. What are your concerns? What study would you order?
Concern: Acute Cholecystitis, Ascending cholangitis, liver abscess
Imaging: U/S
(HIDA should be reserved for when the US is equivocal as it is more expensive)
6
32 y/o female two months pregnant awakened by the sudden onset of severe, colicky, left flank pain, which radiates to the groin. Physical examination reveals left CVA and flank tenderness. Urinalysis shows microscopic hematuria. What study would you order?
Concern: Acute Onset Flank Pain—Suspicion of Stone Disease (Urolithiasis)
Imaging: US color Doppler kidneys and bladder
retroperitoneal or MRI
NON PREGNANT- NCT Abd/Pelvis!!!
7
30 y/o female notes she has been more yellow than usual and a little itchy but now has developed a fever. What are your concerns? What imaging study(s) would you order?
Concern: cirrhosis, hepatitis, Gilbert’s disease, hemolytic anemia
Imaging: CT abdomen, U/S or MRI
8
Acute Cholecystitis Findings on U/S?
-thickened wall (>3mm)
-surrounding free fluid
-dilated GB (transverse >5mm)
-presents of GB stones or sludge
-Sonographic Murphy's sign
9
CT findings in acute appendicitis?
- wall thickening and enhancement
- diameter > 6mm
-Pericolonic "fat stranding"
+/- Free intraperitoneal gas if perforated
+/- appendicolith
10
CT findings of acute pancreatitis?
- Thickening
- "fat stranding"
- Gallbladder wall thickening
- Splenic flexure wall thickening
- Pseudocyst
11
Imaging recommendations in patients with suspected pyelonephritis?
-Adult uncomplicated and suspicion of pyelonephritis can be treated with antibiotics
-Imaging (CT) only if they do not respond to therapy or immunocompromised or complicated medical history
12
What CT findings seen in patients with pyelonephritis would be most worrisome and may need more aggressive treatment?
-Renal abscess
-Emphysematous pyelonephritis
-Severe hydronephrosis
Note: enlarged kidney, delayed or striated nephrogram are normal
13
Risk factors for Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)?
DM, nephrotoxic drugs, existing renal dysfunction
14
How do you manage metformin regimen when CT with contrast is needed?
Stop for two days after contrast administration, then restart if normal serum creatinine level (or else risk of lactic acidosis)
15
What imaging studies can be used to diagnose renal vascular hypertension?
US with doppler
Captopril renography
CTA
MRA
Carbon Dioxide Arteriography
16
What findings on 99mTc-MAG3 scintography of kidney suggest renal abnormality?
-delayed uptake
-delayed excretion
-prolonged retention
17
What imaging modality would be most appropriate to work up persistent painless hematuria x 2 months?
CT urography
18
If a renal mass is suspicious for malignancy by US criteria, what could be an appropriate next imaging test?
-Pre and Post-Contrast enhanced CT
-Gadolinium enhanced MR
19
GI/GU Trauma Assessment
FAST U/S: perihepatic, perisplenic and pelvic fluids
CT Chest with Contrast if concerned
AP chest, AP pelvis, and lateral C-spine radiographs
20
CT findings indicating bowel injury?
-Free abdominal air
-Retroperitoneal gas
-Free interperitoneal fluid
-Thickened bowel wall
21
What imaging modalities are helpful in assessing for bladder and urethral injury?
CT Cystogram
Retrograde Cystogram
Retrograde urethrogram
22
The dimensions of a normal, non-dilated gallbladder
10 cm long x 5 cm wide
23
The best imaging modality for acute pancreatitis is:
CT WITH CONTRAST
24
Double wall sign (Rigler's sign)
both the inside and outside walls of bowel are visualized because they are outlined by air within the bowel and free air in the abdomen
25
Falciform ligament sign
falciform ligament is visualized by free air in the abdomen
26
Football sign
shape of gas outlining the peritoneal cavity
27
Bochdalek hernias
occur "back, and to the left" at the posterior aspectof the diaphragm, most often on the left.
28
Spigelian hernias
occur through the anterior abdominal wall, lateral to the rectus abdominus
29
Which type of transducer gives the best overall image quality?
Linear
30
Sonographic finding of a hemorrhagic cyst?
Homogeneous internal echoes
Fishnet appearance
Fluid-fluid levels
31
Fetal heart rate can be visualized by US around when?
6 wks
32
Plain film order to exclude pneumoperitonium
CXR more sensitive for pneumoperitonium than abdominal x ray.
33
