Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology > GI Helminths > Flashcards

GI Helminths Flashcards

(91 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Major worldwide cause of diarrhea

Flagellate protozoan
•
Most commonly identified intestinal
parasite in the world

A

Giardiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

This protozoa…

Represents a zoonosis with cross infectivity between animals and humans
•
found in beavers, dogs, cats, and primates

A

G. lamblia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are intermediate hosts required for G. lamblia life cycle?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which stage of G. lamblia?

Exists freely in the small intestine
•
Teardrop shape with a bi lobed ventral adhesive disc, flagella and 2 nuclei
•

A

Trophozoite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which stage of G. lamblia?

Does not invade tissue or destroy RBCs
•
Feeds on mucus secretions

A

Trophozoite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which stage of G. lamblia?

Oval in shape
•
Hyaline wall
•
4 nuclei when mature
•
1 cyst produces 2 trophozoites
A

Cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What form of G. lamblia is passed into the environment?

A

cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the three stages of the giardia life cycle?

A

cyst ingestion

excystation in somach

divide (small intestine and become cysts (large intestine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The following populations are at risk for…

•
Day care children, workers
and close contacts
•
Backpackers and campers
•
Travelers to disease endemic areas
•
Persons who drink from
shallow wells or surface water
•
Persons engaging in oral
sexual practices
A

giardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Can giardia be an STI?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is there blood in giardia diarrhea?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are two other manifestations of giardia?

A

b12 deficiency, malabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is giardia diagnosed?

A

cyst/trophozoite in multiple stool, ELISA (GSA-65)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

GSA-65 is an ELISA based diagnostic mostly used where?

A

vet clinics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Infx with this pathogen can cause…

Protozoan illness that can result in colitis
and liver abscess
•
Most cases are asymptomatic
•
Dysentery and invasive extraintestinal
disease can occur
•
Abscesses can result throughout the body
A

e. histolytica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which form of E. histolytica?

Amoeboid with 1 nucleus
•
Non flagellated
•
Feeds
•
Pseudopod forming
•
Invasive and pathogenic
A

trophozoite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which form of E. histolytica?

•
Round to oval in shape
•
4 nuclei
•
Infectious stage
A

cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

After ingestion, where does e. histolytica form from cysts to trophozoites?

A

colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

E. histolytica can become disseminated how?

A

invade mucosa and get to bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which cause of diarrhea has the following characteristics?

more prevalent in tropical
and subtropical areas

more deaths than any parasite
other than malaria and schistosomiasis

A

e. histolytica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The below populations are at risk for…

•
Children
•
Pregnant women
•
Persons on long term corticosteroids
•
Malnourished
•
Generally immunocompromised
•
Institutionalized persons
•
Persons engaging in oral anal sexual
practices
A

e. histolytica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The following S/S can be concerning for…

RUQ pain
•
Bloody stools
•
Ulcers
•
Fever
•
Vomiting
•
Unintentional weight loss
A

Acute amoebic

colitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Amoeba hydrolyzes the

intestinal lining…how can this cause death?

A

peritonitis, cardiac failure

and exhaustion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The below are 4 virulence factors on…

lectin (adhesion)

phospholipase

amoebapore (lysis)

cysteine protease (mucus/ECM/Ab destruction)

A

e. histolytica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
ELISA differentiates e. histolytica from...
e. dispar
26
Can PCR be used to ID e. histolytica?
yes
27
How is amoebiasis usually dx?
Trophozoites or cysts in stool | sample
28
what imaging can be useful for extra intestinal amoebiasis?
CT/MRI
29
Are e. histolytica cysts susceptible to clorination?
no
30
This cause of diarrhea has the following characteristics... Mainly affects children • Self limiting diarrheal illness in healthy individuals
cryptosporidiosis
31
What two spp of cryptosporidiosis can infect humans?
c. hominis (human only) | c. parvum (bovine, human)
32
What are the two morphological forms of crytosporidium?
oocysts | sporozoites
33
cryptosporidium oocysts contain how many sporozoites?
4
34
Which form of cryptosporidium? Motile • Bind receptors on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells
sporozoites
35
Which form of cryptosporidium? infectious stage
oocysts
36
Does cryptosporidium multiply outside of the host?
no
37
After cryptosporidium oocysts are ingested and released as 4 sporozoites, they bind where?
small intestinal epithelium
38
How does cryptosporidium enter the epithelium?
parasitophorous vacuole
39
Thin walled cryptosporidium oocysts can lead to _______ and area. result of _______ reproduction
reinfection, asexual repro
40
Thick walled cryptosporidium oocysts lead to _______ and are a result of ________ reproduction
environmental shed sexual repro
41
Is crypto resistant to chlorine?
yes
42
What diarrheal cause has the following characteristics? ``` • Highly infectious • Can cause infection with 10 oocysts • Oocysts are infectious immediately after excretion • 5 10 day incubation period • Infections are difficult to treat ```
crypto
43
The below sxs are indicative of... watery diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss, fever, abdominal pain
crypto
44
What part of the crypto life cycle can be isolated in stool samle?
oocysts
45
Acid fast oocysts appear ______
round
46
is ELISA useful for crypto?
yes
47
Describe the size of cyclosporiasis compared to crypto
larger
48
This disease has the following characteristics: associated with ingestion of oocyst from contaminated water and imported foods (fresh fruits and vegetables) patients in latin america
cyclosporiasis
49
where does cyclospora oocytes turn into spores?
environment over days
50
are cyclospora oocysts resistant to chlorine?
yes
51
The following are indicative of... ``` • Low grade fever • Chills • Explosive, non bloody, watery diarrhea • Rapid weight loss • Profound fatigue ```
cyclospora
52
this is an acid fast positive, autofluorescent oocyte...
cyclospora
53
can PCR be used for cyclospora?
yes
54
what can be identified in stool samples with cyclospora?
large oocyst
55
This is... ``` Polymorphic protozoan • Large central vacuole • Multiple nuclei distributed around rim of cytoplasm ```
blastocystis hominis
56
``` What pathogen? • Trophozoite and cyst forms • Contain MACROnucleus • Cilia evident on trophozoite ```
balantidium coli
57
balantidium coli can result in...
gut perforation
58
how long can adult ascaris live?
2 years
59
The below represents the lifecyle of... ``` eggs are ingested, larvae are released to duodenum • Larvae penetrate the mucosa and travel via the bloodstream to the lungs • Larvae penetrate the alveoli and travel up the trachea to the oropharynx • Larvae are swallowed and mature in duodenum ```
ascaris
60
The below are clinical manifestations of... ``` Pulmonary Loeffler’s syndrome • Intestinal abdominal pains • Complications include intestinal or duct obstruction ```
ascaris
61
the clinical manifestations of ascaris are related to...
worm burden
62
How is ascaris diagnosed?
microscopy, eggs in stool
63
What pathogen? ``` Small worms (40mm in length) with a whiplike morphology • Have “egg capsules” • Caused by ingestion of contaminated soil ```
trichuris trichiura
64
What is the infective stage of trichuris trichiura
embryonated eggs
65
trichuris trichiura larvae are released in the _____ and mature in the _____
release: duodenum mature: colon
66
``` Heavy infections of ____ can result in: • Frequent painful passage of stool (with mucus, water and blood) • Rectal prolapse can occur • Children may suffer growth retardation and anemia ```
trichuris trichiura
67
how is trichuris trichiura diagnosed?
eggs in stool sample
68
Necator americanus and | Ancylostoma duodenale are ______ worms that feed on...
hookworms blood from intestinal mucosa
69
Hookworm eggs hatch in soil, and larvae can then penetrate...
skin
70
What is the infective stage of hookworm?
larvae/filariform
71
hookworm life cycle is similar to...
ascaris (lungs to OP to duodenum)
72
What should you be concerned for with the following: Blood filled, pruritic lesions can occur at the site of larval penetration (“ground itch”)
hookworms
73
How is hookworm diagnosed?
eggs in stool sample
74
Which worm type? 2 Multiplication cycles • In host (parasitic) or in soil (free
stronlyoides/threadworms
75
stronlyoides/threadworms are commonly found in what areas?
tropical/subtropical
76
Which worms? Infective larvae in soil can penetrate the skin Free living multiplication cycle in soil
stronlyoides/threadworms
77
What substance of a stronlyoides of hyperinfected patient may contain larvae?
sputum
78
which parasite? ``` Flattened, leaflike body • Presence of suckers • Hermaphroditic ```
trematodes/flukes
79
which is the pork tapeworm
taenia solium
80
which is the beef tapeworm?
taenia saginata
81
What unique headstructure is present on a tapeworm?
scolex
82
eggs released from tapeworm proglottids (segments) are infectious when?
immediately
83
what is the definitive host of tapeworm?
humans
84
which stage of tapeworm develops in muscle after larval penetration of duodenum?
cysticerci (larvae)
85
In T. solium infections, _______ can develop if infective eggs are ingested by a human.
cysticercosis
86
This is the fish tapeworm... it is common in the great lakes and alaska...
diphyllobothrium latum
87
diphyllobothrium latum eggs are released _____ not in proglottids
singly
88
diphyllobothrium latum infective larvae are found where?
muscles
89
the adult diphyllobothrium latum worm develops where?
jejunum
90
after eggs are released in feces, larvae are ingested and develop within...
crustaceans and then small fish
91
the adult Adult diphyllobothrium latum worm competes with | human for...
b12 (leads to anemia)

Microbiology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions