GI HISTOLOGY - A9 Small intestine and pancrease - Dr Kalid

Question 1

Main functions of the small intestine?

Answer 1

Digestion of food.Absorption of nutrients.Immunity contribution.

Question 2

Three segments of the small intestine?

Answer 2

DuodenumJejunumIleum

Question 3

Layers of the small intestine?

Answer 3

MucosaSubmucosaMuscularisSerosaAdventitia

Question 4

Epithelial cells in the small intestine?

Answer 4

Enterocytes: nutrient absorption.Goblet cells: mucus secretion.Paneth cells: immune response.M cells: antigen sampling.Enteroendocrine cells: hormone secretion.Stem cells: regeneration.

Question 5

Structure and role of the pancreas?

Answer 5

Exocrine: digestive enzymes.Endocrine: insulin and glucagon regulation.

Question 6

Significance of plicae circulares?

Answer 6

Increase surface area for absorption.Involve mucosa and submucosa.

Question 7

Role of villi and microvilli?

Answer 7

Villi: increase absorption area.Microvilli: enhance nutrient uptake.

Question 8

Function of intestinal glands?

Answer 8

House stem cells and secrete intestinal juices.

Question 9

Structure and function of enterocytes?

Answer 9

Columnar epithelium with microvilli.Absorb nutrients from the lumen.

Question 10

Components of the GI tract structure?

Answer 10

MucosaSubmucosaMuscularisSerosa and Adventitia

Question 11

Functions of enterocytes?

Answer 11

Internalize lipids and form chylomicrons.

Question 12

Role of goblet cells?

Answer 12

Secrete mucus for protection and lubrication.

Question 13

Features of Paneth cells?

Answer 13

Release lysozyme and defensins for immunity.

Question 14

Function of M cells?

Answer 14

Transport particles to immune cells.

Question 15

Distribution of enteroendocrine cells?

Answer 15

Closed cells in lower glands; open cells throughout villi.

Question 16

Structures in lamina propria?

Answer 16

Blood vessels and lymphatic capillaries.

Question 17

Significance of immune elements in the intestine?

Answer 17

Defense against pathogens and gut health.

Question 18

Main components of lamina propria?

Answer 18

Lymphatic nodules, lymphocytes, and macrophages.

Question 19

Distinguishing features of the duodenum?

Answer 19

Brunner’s glands and neutralizing secretion.

Question 20

Role of muscularis externa?

Answer 20

Segmentation and peristalsis.

Question 21

Peyer’s patches location?

Answer 21

Aggregates in the ileum.

Question 22

Villi differences in small intestine?

Answer 22

Duodenum: broadest; Jejunum: narrower; Ileum: longest.

Question 23

Function of goblet cells?

Answer 23

Lubricate and protect intestinal lining.

Question 24

Main components of the pancreas?

Answer 24

Exocrine: digestive enzymes; Endocrine: hormones.

Question 25

Significance of pancreatic duct?

Answer 25

Delivers digestive enzymes to the duodenum.

Question 26

Regulation of exocrine function?

Answer 26

Hormonal and neural control.

Question 27

Structure of exocrine pancreas?

Answer 27

Loose CT capsule with centroacinar cells.

Question 28

Hormones from enteroendocrine cells?

Answer 28

Secretin and cholecystokinin.

Question 29

Role of intercalated ducts?

Answer 29

Add bicarbonate and water to secretions.

Question 30

Main components of endocrine pancreas?

Answer 30

Islets of Langerhans.

Question 31

Cell types in islets of Langerhans?

Answer 31

A cells: glucagon; B cells: insulin; D cells: somatostatin.

Question 32

Celiac disease causes?

Answer 32

Immune reaction against gluten causing malabsorption.

Question 33

Diabetes prevalence in Saudi Arabia?

Answer 33

Second highest in the Middle East; ~7 million diabetics.

Question 34

Survival rate for pancreatic adenocarcinoma?

Answer 34

5-year survival rate ~10%.

Question 35

Structures in the small intestine?

Answer 35

Plicae circularis, villi, intestinal glands, microvilli.

Question 36

Function of pancreatic polypeptide cells?

Answer 36

Secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

Question 37

Differences in pancreatic ducts?

Answer 37

Interlobular ducts: stratified cuboidal epithelium.