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Endocrine Physiology 2 > GI Hormones > Flashcards

GI Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

describe the parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation of the gut

A

parasympathetic- comes from cranial (vagus) and sacral plexi w/ short post ganglionic fibers

associated w/ AcH

sympathetic- celiac ganglia- everything down to duodenum

superior mesenteric ganglia- duodenum to descending colon

inferior mesentreic ganglia- descending colon to rectum

sympathetic associated w/ Norepi

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2
Q

describe the intrinsic nervous system

A

enteric nervous system- located in submucosal layer (meisners) and myenteric layer (auerbach)

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3
Q

secretin family

A

secretin, VIP, GIP, GLP-1, glucagon, bombesin

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4
Q

gastrin family

A

gastrin, CCK, motilin, encephalin, cerulean

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5
Q

hormones that are neither in secretin or gastrin families

A

somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, urogastrone, chymodenin, tachykinins (substance P)

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6
Q

effects of gastrin

A
  1. stimulation of gastric acid from oxyntic (parietal) cells (leads to release of pepsinogen from cheif cells)
  2. trophic action on mucosa in stomach

3 stimulates gastric motility

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7
Q

what two messengers are need for gastrin-mediated H release?

A

need both AcH and histamine actin on oxyntic cells

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8
Q

what affect does vagal activity have on gastrin? how does it do this?

A

vagal activity produces bombesin- causes gastrin release

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9
Q

what affect does amino acids have on gastrin?

A

causes release

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10
Q

what affect does Ca have on gastrin?

A

causes release

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11
Q

what affect does stomach pH have on gastrin

A

inhibits release (via somatostatin cells)

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12
Q

what affect does secretin have on gastrin?

A

inhibits release

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13
Q

what affect does CCK have on gastrin

A

inhibits effect

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14
Q

zollinger-ellinson syndrome

A

tumor causes gastrin hypersecretion and acid hypersecretion and ulcers

diagnostic test- administer secretin, which normally inhibits release, but in this case will increase it

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15
Q

where is gastrin released from?

A

mainly g-cells in stomach pylorus

duodenum, pancreas

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16
Q

how are gastrin/CCK family hormones similar?

A

their C terminals are very similar

17
Q

effects of CCK

A

pancreatic proenzyme release (acts on acinar cells)

contraction of gall bladder

relaxation of spincter of Oddi

reduction of gastrin induced
acid via competitive inhibition

synergistic action w/ secretion
on pancreatic bicarb release

18
Q

what causes CCK release?

A

peptides and amino acids (major)

also facts and acidity (minor)

19
Q

how is CCK used clinically

A

1 diagnose pancreatic and gall bladder disease

2 remove obstructions from bile duct

20
Q

secretin effects

A

secretion of water and bicarb from pancreas (w/ CCK)

inhibits gastrin release

promotes release of pancreatic enzymes

promotes pepsinogen release

inhibits gastrin secretion

promotes bile release and bicarb in bile

21
Q

secretin stimulants

A

major- introduction of acid into upper duodenum

22
Q

where are S cells?

A

duodenum

23
Q

ghrelin

A

elevated during fasting or insulin-induced hypoglycemia

increases desire to eat

(also)
GHRP- stimulates growth hormone release both directly and inhibiting somatostatin

24
Q

leptin and adiponectin

A

protein hormones from adipose tissue that inhibit the desire to eat in hypo

increase insulin responsiveness in T2 diabetes

25
Q

VIP

A

released by dilute HCL or fat in the duodenum

inhibits gastric acid secretion and stomach motility, bladder contraction

stimulates water and electrolyte secretion from intestine and pancreas. also causes sphincter relaxtion in GI

26
Q

GIP

A

increases circulating insulin d/t oral glucose. causes insulin release before blood glucose increases

27
Q

somatostatin

A

inhibits gastrin, secretin, CCK VIP, GIP, and motlin

helps negative feedback on gastrin release

28
Q

urogastrone

A

epidermal growth factor- inhibits acid secretion

29
Q

enkephalin

A

inhibits digestive processes

30
Q

peptide YY

A

stimulated by fat in gut- inhibits gastric secretion and emptying

31
Q

GLP-1

A

stimulated by oral glucose- causes insulin release before blood glucose rises

32
Q

effect of Ca on gastrin

A

increased secretion

33
Q

effect of peptides on gastrin

A

increased secretion

Endocrine Physiology 2 (6 decks)

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