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Pharm GI/Endocrine Test > GI / Insulin > Flashcards

GI / Insulin Flashcards

1
Q

PPI or Proton Pump Inhibitor

A

Omeprazole/Prilosec

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2
Q

Prilosec/Omeprazole Use

A

Peptic Ulcers, GERD, Erosive Esophagitis, Chronic Hypersecretory conditions

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3
Q

Prilosec/Omeprazole Pharmocodynamics

A

Antiesecretory (inhibits acid secretion), Elevates pH

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4
Q

H2 Receptor Antagonists

A

Ranitidine or Zantac

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5
Q

Ranitidine/Zantac Pharmocodynamics

A

Antisecretory

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6
Q

Ranitidine/Zantac Use

A

GERD, Duodenal Ulcer, Gastric Ulcer, Pathologic hypersecretory conditions, Prevention of upper GI bleeding
Heartburn/acid indigestion (OTC strength only)

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7
Q

Ranitidine/Zantac Serious Adverse Effects

A

Neutropenia, Agranulocytosis, Thrombocytopenia, Autoimmune hemolytic or aplastic anemia

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8
Q

Prilosec/Omeprazole Nursing Interventions

A

Interacts with other drugs metabolized by CYP450 system. Administer for recommended time, Take before meals, DO NOT CRUSH or CHEW

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9
Q

Ranitidine/Zantac Nursing Interventions

A

Give atleast 2 hours apart from antacids, Do not substitute OTC drugs for prescription forms, Avoid Alcohol, caffeine, spicy food, products containing Ibuprofen or Aspirin and SMOKING. Smoking reverses drug action

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10
Q

Antacid

A

Aluminum hydroxide with magnesium hydroxide (Maalox/Mylanta)

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11
Q

Aluminum hydroxide with magnesium hydroxide (Maalox/Mylanta) Pharmacodynamics

A

Raises Gastric pH, minimal absorption from GI tract

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12
Q

Aluminum hydroxide with magnesium hydroxide (Maalox/Mylanta) USE

A

GERD, peptic ulcers, prevents stress ulcer bleeding

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13
Q

Aluminum hydroxide with magnesium hydroxide (Maalox/Mylanta) Contraindications

A

Chronic Renal Failure due to magnesium toxicity

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14
Q

Aluminum hydroxide with magnesium hydroxide (Maalox/Mylanta) COMMON ADVERSE EFFECTS/SERIOUS ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

Diarrhea: MG
Constipation: Aluminum
Potential electrolyte imbalance

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15
Q

Aluminum hydroxide with magnesium hydroxide (Maalox/Mylanta) NURSING INTERVENTIONS

A

Interacts with many drugs due to increased pH and urine pH. Antacid will bind to it and make it not effective.

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16
Q

GI Stimulants

A

Metoclopramide/Reglan

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17
Q

Metoclopramide/Reglan PHARMACODYNAMICS

A

Increases peristalsis and gastric emptying

Antiemetic effect

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18
Q

Metoclopramide/Reglan USE

A

GI stimulant
Diabetic gastric stasis
GERD
Antiemetic: Post surgery and Chemo

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19
Q

Metoclopramide/Reglan Contraindications

A

When stimulation may be dangerous. If there is an obsturction it could get bigger

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20
Q

Metoclopramide/Reglan Adverse Effects

A

CNS complaints. SERIOUS: Tardive Dyskinesia, Depression

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21
Q

Metoclopramide/Reglan INTERVENTIONS

A

Give 30 minutes before meals or Chemo

Monitor for depression, Parkinson-like symptoms, extrapyramidal effects, tardive dyskinesia

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22
Q

Antiemetic

A

Ondansetron/Zofran

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23
Q

Ondansetron/Zofran USE

A

Prevents N/V, 75% protein bound, metabolized by CYP450 system

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24
Q

Ondansetron/Zofran Adverse Effects

A

Headache, Constipation, Malaise

SERIOUS: Arrhythmias, Hyptotension, Extrapyramidal effects

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25
Q

Antiflatulents

A

Simethicone/Mylicon

26
Q

Simethicone/Mylicon

A

Use: Pain from excess gass in GI tract
Not absorbed by GI tract, no systemic distribution.
Take PC and HS
“Gas bubbles UNITE” and make one big bubble to get it out easier

27
Q

Antidiarrheals

A

Diphenoxylate HCL with atropine sulfate/Lomotil

28
Q

Diphenoxylate HCL with atropine sulfate/Lomotil Pharmacodynamics

A

Slows intestinal motility, Fluid reabsorption

29
Q

Diphenoxylate HCL with atropine sulfate/Lomotil USE

A

Diarrhea

30
Q

Diphenoxylate HCL with atropine sulfate/Lomotil CONTRAINDICATIONS

A

Diarrhea associated with organisms that penetrate intestinal mucosa (Don’t want E-coli/Salmonella to stay in)

31
Q

Diphenoxylate HCL with atropine sulfate/Lomotil ADVERSE EFFECTS

A 
Drowsiness, Dizziness, Dry Mouth
SERIOUS: Atropine Overdose (Red, Dry, Mad, Blind)
Toxic Megacolon (perforation of bowel)
32
Q

Diphenoxylate HCL with atropine sulfate/Lomotil INTERVENTIONS

A

Decrease Dose as diarrhea decreases
Do not exceed prescribed dose (max 10 days)
Monitor for s/s atropine overdose and toxic megacolon
increase fluids

33
Q

Saline Laxative

A

Magnesium Hydroxide/Milk of Magnesia

34
Q

Hyperosmotic Laxative

A

Similar to Saline. Draws water into bowel, Increase stretch of bowel and increase peristalsis

35
Q

Magnesium Hydroxide/Milk of Magnesia Pharmocodynamics

A

Attracts and Retains water in intestinal lumen

36
Q

Magnesium Hydroxide/Milk of Magnesia USE

A

Short term for Constipation

37
Q

Magnesium Hydroxide/Milk of Magnesia Contraindications/ Side Effects

A

Renal Failure
Common Adverse Effect: Overactive GI activity
Serious: Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

38
Q

Magnesium Hydroxide/Milk of Magnesia Interventions

A

Drink glass of water after administration
Not for long term use
Increase fiber, water and activity

39
Q

Stimulant

A

Senna, Dulcolax

Similar to saline, Stimulates Peristalsis

40
Q

Bulk Forming

A

Metamucil/Fibercon
Keeps water in stool, Increase bulk distends colon, stimulates evacuation
SAFEST Most NATURAL laxative

41
Q

Stool Softener

A

Colace

42
Q

Stool Softener

A

Surfactants (reduces surface tension of stool, allowing water to enter) Prevents Constipations

43
Q

Stool Softener What does it do/not do?

A

PREVENTS constipation. Does NOT treat it. Does not stimulate peristalsis

44
Q

Lubricant Laxative

A

Mineral Oil

45
Q

Lubricant Laxative What does it do/not do?

A

Coats wall of intestine, allows easier passage of stool. Not a stimulant. Chronic use may decrease absorption of fat soluble vitamins

46
Q

Rapid Acting Insulin

A

LAG (Lispro/Humalog, Aspart/Novolog, Glulisine/Apidra)

47
Q

Lispro/Humalog Onset/Peak/Duration

A

RAPID ACTING
Onset: 15 min
Peak 30-90 min
Duration: 3-4 hr

48
Q

Aspart/Novolog Onset/Peak/Duration

A

RAPID ACTING
Onset: 5-10 min
Peak 45-90 min
Duration: 3-5 hr

49
Q

Glulisine/Apidra Onset/Peak/Duration

A 
RAPID ACTING
Onset:  Less than 20 min
Peak 90 min
Duration: 5.25 hr
CAN BE GIVEN IV
50
Q

Short Acting (Clear)

A

CAN BE GIVEN IV on a correctional or sliding scale

REGULAR(Humulin R or Novolin R)

51
Q

REGULAR(Humulin R or Novolin R

A

SHORT ACTING
Onset: 30-60 Min
Peak 2-3 hr
Duration: 8-12 hr

52
Q

Intermediate Acting (CLOUDY)

A

NPH (Humulin N)

53
Q

NPH (Humulin N)

A

INTERMEDIATE ACTING
Onset: 60-90 Min (CLOUDY)
Peak 4-12 hr
Duration: 18-24 hr

54
Q

Long Acting (Clear)

A

Can NOT be mixed with other insulins and should not be given at the same site as other insulins
Detemir/Levemir
Glargine/Lantus

55
Q

Detemir/Levemir

A

Long Acting (Clear)
Onset: Unknown
Peak 3-14 hr
Duration: 5-23 hr

56
Q

Glargine/Lantus

A

Long Acting (Clear)
Onset: 1 hr
Peak unknown
Duration: 24 hr

57
Q

Premixed Insulins

A

70/30 NPH/Regular
50/50 lispro protamine/lispro mixed
70/30 aspart protamine/aspart mixed
ALWAYS LISTS LONGER ACTING COMPONENT FIRST

58
Q

70/30 NPH/Regular

A

Onset: 30-60 min
Peak 2-12 hr
Duration: 24 hr

59
Q

50/50 lispro protamine/lispro mixed

A

Onset: 15 min
Peak 45 min -1 hr
Duration: 10-12 hr

60
Q

70/30 aspart protamine/aspart mixed

A

Onset: less than 10 min
Peak 1-4 hr
Duration: Up to 24 hr

Pharm GI/Endocrine Test (1 decks)

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