GI med Flashcards
(43 cards)
most serious complication of Barrett esophagus
adenocarcinoma
lower esophageal mucosal ring is a sign of what?
hiatal hernia
most common cause solid food dysphagia in adults
lower esophageal mucosal ring
how does esophageal squamous cell carcinoma appear on imaging?
focal, irregular narrowing with abrupt upper and lower margins
hematochezia life-threatening indication
massive upper GI bleed
most common presentation for upper GI bleed
melena or hematemesis
list the major sources of acute upper GI bleeding
PUD, portal HTN, mallory-weiss tears, vascular anomalies, gastric neoplasms, erosive gastritis, erosive esophagitis, others (aortoenteric fistula, hemobilia, pancreatic malignancy, pseudoaneurysm)
what is a barium swallow helpful to diagnose??
stricture, hiatal hernia, swallowing problems
contraindication of barium swallow
unable to visualize or biopsy
what is important to remember when analyzing GI illness?
PYSCHOSOCIAL aspect!
on what imagining would you see an apple core lesion?
barium swallow
what is an apple core lesion?
mass or constriction pushing on esophagus & not allowing it to expand
gold standard for GERD
24-hr pH probe
when is an esophageal manometry helpful?
to diagnose motility disorders bc it measures esophageal fxn by using pressure readings of muscle contractions
what is an ultrasound helpful to diagnose?
cholecystitis/cholelithiasis, cholangitis, abscesses, diverticulitis, SB inflammation. Basically when you want to visualize an organ but don’t need to see inside of it. much cheaper, less invasive
gold standard for colon
colonoscopy
treatment of choice for symptomatic gallbladder disease
laparoscopic cholecystectomy
risk factors for gallstones
the four F’s! female, fat, forty, fertile (estrogen exposure/multiple pregnancies)
symptoms of cholelithiasis
usu. asymptomatic! or infrequent episodic severe pain in epigastrium or RUQ w/ radiation to right scapula
cholelithiasis gold standard
ultrasound
alternative tx to cholecystectomy
ursodeoxycholic acid
most common cause gallbladder disease
stones
differential dx acute cholecystitis
definite localization of pain and tenderness in RUQ with radiation to right infrascapular area = definite. Diff: perforated peptic ulcer, acute pancreatitis, appendicitis, hepatitis, pneumonia w/ pleurisy, MI
elevated amylase indicates
pancreatitis
