GI Medications

Question 1

Antibiotics for peptic ulcer disease

Answer 1

Amoxicillin, bismuth, clarithromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline, tinidazole

Question 2

Expected action of peptic ulcer antibiotics

Answer 2

eradication of H. pylori bacteria

Question 3

Common adverse effect of peptic ulcer antibiotics

Answer 3

nausea and diarrhea

Question 4

Histamine2-receptor antagonists med

Answer 4

Cimetidine

Question 5

Expected action of cimetidine

Answer 5

Block H2 receptors which suppresses secretion of gastric acid and lowers the concentration of hydrogen ions in the stomach

Question 6

Use of cimetidine

Answer 6

gastric and duodenal ulcers, GERD, heartburn, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, acid indigestion, and used in conjunction with antibiotics to treat ulcers caused by H. pylori

Question 7

Complications of cimetidine

Answer 7

blocked androgen receptors, CNS effects, constipation, diarrhea, and nausea

Question 8

Interactions of cimetidine

Answer 8

smoking, warfarin, phenytoin, theophylline, lidocaine, and antacids

Question 9

Contraindications of cimetidine

Answer 9

kidney impairment

Question 10

proton pump inhibitors med

Answer 10

omeprazole (end in -zole)

Question 11

expected action of omeprazole

Answer 11

block basal and stimulated acid production and reduce gastric acid secretion by irreversibly inhibiting the enzyme that produces gastric acid

Question 12

use of omeprazole

Answer 12

short-term therapy of gastric and duodenal ulcers, erosive esophagitis, and GERD, long-term therapy of hypersecretory conditions, prevention of stress ulcers

Question 13

complications of omeprazole

Answer 13

pneumonia, osteoporosis, fractures, rebound acid hypersecretion, hypomagnesemia, C. diff diarrhea

Question 14

How long should omeprazole be used?

Answer 14

4-6/8 weeks

Question 15

Interactions of omeprazole

Answer 15

digoxin, methotrexate, diazepam, tacrolimus, antifungal agents, phenytoin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, atazanavir, and clopidogrel

Question 16

When should omeprazole be taken?

Answer 16

Once in the morning before breakfast

Question 17

Antacid meds

Answer 17

aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and calcium carbonate

Question 18

expected action of antacids

Answer 18

neutralize or reduce the acidity of gastric acid, can reduce pepsin activity if pH is raised above 5, mucosal protection can occur from stimulation of the production of prostaglandins

Question 19

use of antacids

Answer 19

tx of peptic ulcer disease, prevention of stress-induced ulcers, and relief of manifestations of GERD

Question 20

complications of antacids

Answer 20

aluminum and calcium compounds: constipation; magnesium compounds: diarrhea; fluid retention, alkalosis, toxicity, hypermagnesemia; aluminum: hypophophatemia; calcium: hypercalcemia

Question 21

interactions of antacids

Answer 21

famotidine, cimetidine, warfarin, digoxin, and tetracycline

Question 22

when should antacids be administered?

Answer 22

7 times a day: 1 hr and 3hrs after meals, again at bedtime

Question 23

nursing administration for antacids

Answer 23

chew tablets thoroughly and then drink a glass of water, take all medications at least 1 hr before or after taking an antacid

Question 24

prostaglandin e analog meds

Answer 24

misoprostol

Question 25

action of misoprostol

Answer 25

acts as an endogenous prostaglandin in the GI tract that decreases acid secretion, increases the secretion of bicarbonate and protective mucus, and promotes vasodilation to maintain submucosal blood flow

Question 26

use of misoprostol

Answer 26

used in clients taking long-term NSAIDs to prevent gastric ulcers, also used in clients who are pregnant only to induce labor by causing cervical ripening or inducing medical termination of pregnancy

Question 27

complications of misoprostol

Answer 27

diarrhea, dysmenorrhea, spotting

Question 28

teaching of misoprostol

Answer 28

teach clients to take misoprostol with meals and at bedtime

Question 29

antiemetics: glucocorticoids

Answer 29

dexamethasone

Question 30

antiemetics: substance P/neurokinin1 antagonists

Answer 30

aprepitant

Question 31

antiemetics: serotonin antagonists

Answer 31

ondansetron, granisetron

Question 32

antiemetics: dopamine antagonists

Answer 32

prochlorperazine, metoclopramide, promethazine

Question 33

antiemetics: cannabinoids

Answer 33

dronabinol

Question 34

antiemetics: anticholinergics

Answer 34

scopolamine

Question 35

antiemetics: antihistamines

Answer 35

dimenhydrinate, hyrdoxyzine

Question 36

antiemetics: benzodiazepines

Answer 36

lorazepam

Question 37

S/E of glucocorticoids

Answer 37

adrenal insufficiency, infection, osteoporosis, glucose intolerance, peptic ulcer disease, sodium retention, and hypokalemia

Question 38

S/E of substance p/neurokinin1 antagonist

Answer 38

fatigue, diarrhea, dizziness, possible liver damage

Question 39

S/E of serotonin antagonist

Answer 39

headache, diarrhea, dizziness, prolonged QT interval which can cause dysrhythmias

Question 40

S/E of dopamine antagonists

Answer 40

extrapyramidal symptoms, hypotension, sedation, anticholinergic effects

Question 41

S/E of cannabinoids

Answer 41

disassociation, dysphoria, hypotension, tachycardia

Question 42

S/E of anticholinergics

Answer 42

sedation

Question 43

s/e of benzodiazapines

Answer 43

sedation, complex sleep related behaviors, paradoxical effects

Question 44

interactions of antiemetics

Answer 44

cns depressants, antihypertensives, anticholinergics, warfarin, ethinyl estradiol

Question 45

laxative meds

Answer 45

psyllium, methylcellulose, docusate sodium, bisacodyl, magnesium hydroxide

Question 46

use of laxatives

Answer 46

tx for constipation, decrease diarrhea in clients who have diverticulitis and IBS, control stool for clients who have an ileostomy or colostomy, softening of fecal impaction, bowel preparation prior to surgery or diagnostic tests

Question 47

s/e of laxatives

Answer 47

gi irritation, rectal burning which can lead to proctitis, toxic magnesium levels, sodium absorption and fluid retention, dehydration, obstruction

Question 48

contraindications for laxatives

Answer 48

fecal impaction, bowel obstruction, acute surgical abdomen

Question 49

antidiarrheal meds

Answer 49

diphenoxylate plus atropine

Question 50

s/e of antidirrheals

Answer 50

euphoria, cns depression, blurred vision, dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, and tachycardia

Question 51

contraindications for antidiarrheals

Answer 51

severe electrolyte imbalances or dehydration, COPD

Question 52

prokinetic agent med

Answer 52

metoclopramide

Question 53

use of metoclopramide

Answer 53

postoperative and chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, diabetic gastroparesis, GERD, small bowel intubation and examination of the GI tract

Question 54

s/e of metoclopramide

Answer 54

tardive dyskinesia, extrapyramidal symptoms, sedation, diarrhea

Question 55

contraindications of metoclopramide

Answer 55

gi perforation, gi bleeding, bowel obstruction, and hemorrhage

Question 56

interactions of metoclopramide

Answer 56

alcohol, CNS depressants, opioids, anticholinergics

Question 57

IBS-D meds

Answer 57

alosetron

Question 58

alosetron use

Answer 58

female clients who have severe IBS-D that has lasted 6 months and has been resistant to conventional management

Question 59

s/e of ibs-d meds

Answer 59

constipation

Question 60

contraindications of ibs-d meds

Answer 60

chronic constipation, history of bowel obstruction, crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, impaired intestinal circulation, diverticulitis, history of toxic megacolon, gi perforation/adhesions, thrombophlebitis

Question 61

interactions of ibs-d meds

Answer 61

cytochrome p450 enzymes

Question 62

ibs-c meds

Answer 62

lubiprostone

Question 63

use of ibs-c meds

Answer 63

ibs with constipation in females, chronic constipation

Question 64

s/e of ibs-c meds

Answer 64

diarrhea and nausea

Question 65

contraindications of ibs-c meds

Answer 65

bowel obstruction

Question 66

inflammatory bowel disease meds

Answer 66

sulfasalazine

Question 67

sulfasalazine use

Answer 67

crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis

Question 68

s/e of sulfasalazine

Answer 68

blood disorders, nausea, fever, rash, arthralgia