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Gi Micro (mostly diarrhea) Flashcards

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1
Q

Family: CMV

A

herpesvirus (HHV-5)

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2
Q

DNA/RNA Structure: CMV

A

DS linear with envelope

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3
Q

Treatment: CMV

A

ganciclovir

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4
Q

MOA: Ganciclovir

A

inhibits viral DNA polymerase

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5
Q

Family: Norwalk

A

Caliciviruses

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6
Q

DNA/RNA structure: Norwalk

A

SS positive-sense RNA virus (no envelope) - icosahedral

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7
Q

Treatment: norwalk

A

supportive

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8
Q

Most common cause of adult gastroenteritis

A

norwalk

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9
Q

How does norwalk resolve?

A

self-resolved in 12-24 hours

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10
Q

Family: Rotavirus

A

reovirus

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11
Q

DNA/RNA structure: rotavirus

A

ds linear RNA virus, no envelope, double icosahedral capsid

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12
Q

Treatment: rotavirus

A

oral hydration

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13
Q

most common cause of childhood diarrhea

A

rotavirus

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14
Q

Type of diarrhea produced: rotavirus

A

watery

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15
Q

Type of diarrhea produced: norwalk

A

watery

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16
Q

gram stain: b. cereus

A

gram positive rod

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17
Q

Reheated fried rice

A

b. cereus

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18
Q

Treatment: b. cereus

A

none - self limited

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19
Q

gram stain: c. jejuni

A

curved or S-shaped gram negative rod
oxidase +
grows at 42 degrees C

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20
Q

Type of diarrhea: c jejuni

A

invasive and secretory (dysentery with crypt abscesses)

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21
Q

Where do you get c. jejuni?

A

poultry, meat, unpasteurized milk

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22
Q

Treatment: c. jejuni

A

Erythromycin

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23
Q

MOA: erythromycin

A

inhibits 50S ribosome

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24
Q

Gram stain: c. difficile

A

gram positive rod

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25
Type of diarrhea: c. diff
secretory
26
Most common nosocomial diarrhea
c. diff
27
Antibiotic induced diarrhea...
c. diff
28
Toxin: C. diff
Toxin A (enterotoxin) - binds to brush border of gut Toxin B (cytotoxin): causes cytoskeletal disruption via actin depolymerization (psuedomembranous colitis - diarrhea)
29
Treatment: c. diff
metronidazole
30
Gram stain: E. coli
gram negative rod, lactose fermenting, MacConkey Agar
31
Most common cause of travelers diarrhea
ETEC
32
Toxin: ETEC
LT and ST LT: cAMP to increase Cl secretion in gut and H2O efflux ST: cGMP: decreases NaCl and H2O resportion in the gut (labile in the air, stable on the ground)
33
Type of diarrhea: ETEC
secretory diarrhea
34
Treatment: ETEC
ciprofloxacin
35
MOA: ciprofloxacin
DNA topoisomerase inhibitor (fluoroquinolone)
36
Reservoir or O157:H7
undercooked beef/meat
37
Toxin: O157:H7
shiga-like toxin - causes hemolytic-uremic | Inactivates 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA
38
What causes hemolytic uremic syndrome/what are the symptoms?
E coli (O157-h7) - triad of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure
39
Treatment: E coli O157:H7
supportive care
40
Gram stain: salmonella
gram negative rod, oxidase negative, facultative, intracellular, lactose non-fermenter flagellar motility
41
Reservoir for salmonella:
poultry and eggs | Many animal reservoirs
42
Treatment: salmonella
ciprofloxacin
43
Gram stain: shigella
gram negative rod | no flagella
44
Toxin: shigella
shiga toxin inactivates 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA can also progress to hemolytic-uremic syndrome like EHEC
45
Type of diarrhea: shigella
dystentery
46
Children in day care centers are at risk of getting which bug?
shigella
47
Treatment: shigella
if symptomatic, fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin)
48
Gram stain: staph aureus
gram positive cocci catalase positive coagulase positive
49
Toxin: staph aureus
Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1) - preformed | brings MHC II and TCR close to outside antigen to cause overwhelming release of IFN gamma and Il2 -shock
50
Treatment: staph aureus
none, self-limited
51
Gram stain: vibrio cholera
gram negative comma-shaped rod | oxidase +, grows in alkaline media
52
Toxin: vibrio cholera
cholera toxin | stimulates adenylate cyclase in small bowel, permanently turns on Gs, increases cAMP
53
type of diarrhea: vibreo cholera
secretory (rice-water)
54
Treatment: vibreo cholera
prompt oral rehydration (need glucose and sodium in oral supplements)
55
Reservoir: vibrio cholera
drinking contaminated water, eating contaminated seafood, especially crustacea
56
Gram stain: yersinia enterocolitica
gram-negative coccobacillus with bipolar staining facultative, intracellular (like salmonella) lactose non-fermenter (like salmonella, shigella) oxidase negative
57
Treatment: yersinia enterocolitica
TMP-SMX
58
MOA: TMP-SMX
blocks folate synthesis
59
Type of diarrhea: entamoeba histolytica
dysentery (bloody diarrhea)
60
Treatment: entamoeba
metronidazole
61
MOA: metronidazole
damages dna with ROS
62
Diarrhea with liver abscess
entamoeba
63
Type of protozoa: entamoeba
amoeba (go figure)
64
Type of protozoa: giardia
flagellate
65
Most common cause of protoozoal diarrhea in US
giardia
66
Treatment: giardia
metronidazole
67
Type of diarrhea: giardia
steatorrhea, foul smelling, flatulence
68
In secretory diarrhea, diarrheal fluid...
equals plasma osmolarity
69
In osmotic diarrhea, diarrheal fluid...
is hypotonic (presence of osmotically active substance)

GI (4 decks)

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