GI Misc Flashcards
H. pylori treatment abx in peptic ulcers?
- Omeprazole
- Metronidazole
- Clarithromycin
How do to investigate H. Pylori in ulcers?
Stool antigen test, C13 urea test and endoscopy
Name PPi. what does it do
lansoprazone. long term reduction in HCl acid release
Name a H2 blocker. what do they do
rantidine. suppress gastric acid release
what obstructions can lead to appendicitis?
food matter, adhesions, lymphoid hyperplasia which cause mucosal secretions and cause intra-luminal pressure to rise
Appendicitis presentation?
- Abdo pain central -> RIF
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Loss of appetite
- Pt prefers to have legs bent, not lying straight - guarding
Peritonitis -causes?
perfortation of GI tract. eg. dialysis, post op, spontaneous bacterial, bile leak, pregnancy blood rupture
Peritonisis - symptoms
tenderness, pain, nausea, chills, rigor, vomit, fever, shoulder pain, silent abdomen
Why do an xray for peritonitis /
ERECT X-RAY. look for air under the diaphram. also location of infection using USS.
What is diverticular disease? Who is it n=most ocmmon it?
Diverticula and complications (eg. diverticulitits - inflammation). most common in older population and low fibre diets
What abx do you give for management of Diverticular disease?
ciprofloxacin & metronidazole
Acute diverculitis?
sudden attack of swlling in diverticula. left ileac fossa region pain, fever, tachycardia
Symptoms of diverticular disease?
Asymptomatic in 95% of cases! Symptoms
that do occur relate to luminal narrowing; pain, constipation,
bleeding or diverticulitis. Severe cases; left iliac fossa pain,
fever, nausea.
What causes diverticular disease?
Unknown. ?Related to a low fibre diet -> Increased
intracolonic pressure -> herniation at sites of weakness? most common in older people
difference between direct and indirect inguinal hernia?
Direct - medial to IEA in Heissenback triangle. only passes through superficial inguinal ring
indirect - most common. lateral to IEA. passes through deep and superficial inguinal rings.
How do you treat crohn’s?
stop smoking,
Mild attacks: Prednisolone
Severe: IV hydrocortisone
5-ASA analogues (mesalazine) -> reduces relapses
Corticosteroids -> induce remission/treat relapses
Surgery
is crohn’s improved by smoking?
no. UC is decreased by smoking. Crohn’s is increased.
What does GALS stand for in crohns?
Only GALS can be CROHNS
Granulomas
All Layers and Levels
Skip Lesions
Why do an x-ray in IBS?
to exclude toxic dilation of colon and to see the progression of either UC or crhons
What are the HCV antivirals?
Velpatasvir/sofosbuvir
What are the symptoms of encephalopathy? (brain damage)
confusion, drowsiness, disorientated
Treatment for paracetamol overdose?
N-Acetyl-Cysteine
What is the flapping tremour?
asterixis
Symptoms of fulminant liver failure?
Encephalopathy – confusion, drowsiness, disorientated
Asterixis
Jaundice
Can have presentation of sepsis
