GI module IV

Question 1

weight of liver

Answer 1

proportionate to body size

Question 2

right and left lobe is anatomically separated by what structures?

Answer 2

Cantlie’s line - IVC to gallbladder

Question 3

glissons capsule

Answer 3

connective tissue surrounding the liver

Question 4

What passes through the center of the liver lobules?

Answer 4

Central vein

Question 5

Portal triad consists of?

Answer 5

terminal branch of hepatic artery
terminal branch of portal vein
Terminal bile duct

Question 6

Functional unit of the liver

Answer 6

Liver lobules

Question 7

Liver lobules consist of?

Answer 7

hepatocytes and microvasculature

Question 8

What is the shape of the liver lobules

Answer 8

Hexagon

Question 9

Microvasculature of the liver lobules consists of?

Answer 9

Sinusoids and bile canaliculi

Question 10

Describe the biliary pathway

Answer 10

bile canaliculi drain into terminal bile ducts
terminal bile ducts drain into R and L hepatic ducts
R and L hepatic ducts merge to form common hepatic duct
common hepatic duct merges with the cystic duct from the gallbladder and then becomes the common bile duct

Question 11

common bile duct merges with pancreatic duct and drains into _______

Answer 11

the duodenum via the hepatopancreatic amuplla

Question 12

T/F - The Liver has the ability to regenerate?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

If 50-60% of the liver is damaged in a health person how long will it take to regenerate?

Answer 13

30 days

Question 14

How much blood passes through the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 14

75%

Question 15

Describe the efferent pathway through the Liver

Answer 15

central veins drain into hepatic veins –> hepatic veins eventually drain into IVC

Question 16

The Liver receives blood and nutrients from the GI tract via the ______?

Answer 16

Hepatic portal vein

Question 17

Hepatic portal vein delivers blood to the _____?

Answer 17

Hepatic vein

Question 18

Portal Hypertension

Answer 18

dff

Question 19

The liver receives _______ via the hepatic artery?

Answer 19

oxygenated blood

Question 20

Sinusoids act as _______ for hepatocytes

Answer 20

“capillary bed”

Question 21

Hepatocytes line the the?

Answer 21

Sinusoids

Question 22

Blood flows from hepatic portal vein into sinusoids and drain into ______?

Answer 22

central vein

Question 23

Structures within the sinusoid/hepatocyte interface

Answer 23

kupffer cells
fenestrated endothelium 
space of Disse
pit cells 
microvilli

Question 24

Where are Kupffer cells located?

Answer 24

Located along the surface of endothelium

Question 25

Function of kupffer cells?

Answer 25

Early defense against liver injury - phagocytic removal immune complexes, cell debris, etc. - RBC degradation

Question 26

Stellate cells

Answer 26

located in disse space store vitamin A role in liver regeneration --> produce/secrete hepatic growth factors

Question 27

Pit cells

Answer 27

Located on the surface of endothelium | Fx: front line immune defense against tumor formation, viruses, etc and liver regeneration

Question 28

Pit cells are also known as?

Answer 28

granular lymphocytes or natural killer (NK) cells

Question 29

T/F Liver produces largest amount of lymph fluid in the body?

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Hepatic lymphatics drains fluid from?

Answer 30

Disse space, Glisson's capsule and other interstial spaces of liver

Question 31

Zones of hepatocytes in lobule

Answer 31

Periportal hepatocytes | centrilobular hepatocytes

Question 32

Periportal hepatocytes

Answer 32

outside zone, is the first to receive blood, O2 and nutrients Last to experience necrosis first to regenerate

Question 33

Centrilobular hepatocytes

Answer 33

inner most lobe; last to receive blood, less O2 and nutrients available susceptible to ischemia/necrosis, area of drug metabolism (biotransformation)

Question 34

Where is the third zone of hepatocytes located?

Answer 34

mid-way between perioportal and cetrilobule zones

Question 35

Functions of the liver?

Answer 35

Drug metabolism/biotransformation Metabolism Storage for fat soluble and some water soluble vitamins Endocrine fx

Question 36

Drug metabolism

Answer 36

Liver serves as intermediate step --> converts hydrophilic form to allow excretion

Question 37

Carbohydrate metabolism in the liver

Answer 37

regulate blood glucose synthesis of glycogen (glycogenesis) Gluconeogenesis

Question 38

Fat metabolism

Answer 38

Liver removes FFA and lipoproteins from plasma

Question 39

Fate of FFA in Liver

Answer 39

used in energy production | used to synthesize VLDL

Question 40

What is the role of Vitamin K in the body?

Answer 40

Clotting

Question 41

Where in the body is inactive vitamin D is converted to active vitamin D?

Answer 41

The liver

Question 42

Gluconeogenesis important role to maintain blood glucose during?

Answer 42

Fasting