GI Obstructions Flashcards
(45 cards)
Distention, bowel motility disruption, fluid/electrolyte alterations and changes in GI microbial population are all examples of _______ obstruction.
Simple
Vascular occlusion and syndromes caused 2ndary to disease processes are causes of _______ obstruction.
Strangulating
The primary stimulation for peristalsis to occur is ______ of the GIT.
Distention
During peristalsis, myenteric receptors in the enteric nervous system contract the GIT wall ______ to distention and relax the wall ______ to it.
Oral, Aboral
Mixing of the ingesta is also termed what?
Segmentation
What is ileus?
An adynamic state of the GI muscle and ranges from transient and mild to life threatening.
Pain, electrolyte imbalances, decreased GI perfusion, endotoxemia and pharmaceuticals are all causes of _______.
Ileus
Spastic ileus is rare and occurs when you have increased ______ motility without ________.
Segmental, Propulsion
If you know there is intestinal obstruction in a patient the first thing you should ask yourself is if it’s ______ or ______. If it’s ______ it can then be broken down into neurogenic or vascular. If it’s ________ it can then be broken down into intraluminal, intramural, extraluminal or congenital.
~Mechanical or Functional, Functional, Mechanical
A foreign body is classified as a _______ intestinal obstruction.
Intraluminal
A tumor of the GIT is classified as a _______ intestinal obstruction.
Intramural
Volvulus or tumors (again) can be classified as ________ intestinal obstruction.
Extraluminal
When the bowel is in an adynamic state this is typically associated with which functional intestinal obstruction?
Neurogenic
When you have a non-strangulating infarction (ex: parasites), this is typically thought of as a ______ intestinal obstruction.
Vascular
When pain is originating from the peritoneum, ________ ________ are released into the peritoneal cavity where they stimulate reflexes such as decreased _______ and GI _______.
Inflammatory mediators, Motility, Distention
Pain, fluid sequestration into the lumen and bowel wall (which decreases absorption and leads to increased secretion into the GIT) as well as electrolyte abnormalities are all examples of what?
Simple (non-strangulating obstructions)
What are 2 reasons for gas distention of an obstructed bowel?
- Bacterial production of gas
2. Aerophagia
T/F: When normal motility is compromised, the first thing the gut does is become hypomotile.
False, the first thing it does is become hypermotile to try and move the ingesta along but when it fails to it then becomes hypomotile.
Mesenteric blood vessels proximal to an obstruction will ______.
Dilate
Fluid losses are generally hypotonic/isotonic/or hypertonic?
Isotonic and generally there won’t be any electrolyte disturbances initially.
Because the villous tips are relatively hypoxic all of the time anyway, with obstruction they become even more hypoxic due to obstructed ______ _______.
Venous drainage
Hypovolemia can result from what 2 things?
- Sequestration (in the lumen, GI wall or vasculature)
2. Actual loss
What would classify as actual loss of fluids that can lead to hypovolemia?
Vomit or reflux
Because horses cannot vomit, commonly __________ tubes are placed to try and syphon out fluid. The amount that is gotten out is referred to as ______ ______. Ideally if you put in say 1 L of fluid you should get back 1 L. If you put in 1 L and get back 8 L, you know this horse is obstructed.
Nasogastric, Net reflux
