GI pathology Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
disease
A
dry socket
2
Q
A
pseudomembrane candidiasis
3
Q
A
acute atrophic candidiasis
4
Q
A
denture stomatitis
5
Q
A
Both benign and no Tx
upper=> toris mandibularis
lower=> toris palatinus
6
Q
A
erythema migrans (geographic tongue)
7
Q
A
apthous ulcer
8
Q
A
leukoplakia
9
Q
A
odtongenic keratocyst
10
Q
A
odontogenic keratocyst
lacks rete ridges
epithelial surface parakeratinized and often corrugated
basal cells hyperchromatic (cuboidal to columnar in shape w/ palisade nuclei)
11
Q
A
amelioblastoma
12
Q
A
Bisphosphonate related necrosis of jaw (BRONJ)
13
Q
A
verrucous carcinoma
14
Q
A
squamous cell carinoma
15
Q
A
Left: Hiatal hernia => GEJ and Z line above diaphragm
Right: Barrett’s esophagus => Z line above GEJ
16
Q
A
esophageal adenocarcinoma
17
Q
A
normal esophagus
18
Q
Describe this pathology
A
GERD
acid-pepsin injury increases cell death and desquamation at surface, w/ compensatory basal hyperplasia (+ elongated submucosal rete pegs)
19
Q
what is shown by the arrows in this pathology?
A
GERD
mucosal and submucosal lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils
20
Q
disease and what characterizes it grossly
A
Barrett’s esophagus
intestinal metaplasia
21
Q
disease and what do arrows point to?
A
Barrett’s esophagus
goblet cells in columnar epithelium
22
Q
grade this disease
what does micro show?
A
low grade dysplasia of Barrett esophagus
crowded hyperchromatic nuclei
decreased goblet cell formation
23
Q
grade this disease
what is found in micro
A
low grade dysplasia of Barrett’s esophagus
loss of cell polarity, but nuclei still mostly basal
some gland architectural irregularity => mostly not branched or back-to-back
24
Q
grade this disease
what is found in micro
A
high grade dysplasia or carcinoma in situ of esophagus
glandular architectural irregularity, nuclear atypia
25
what is black arrow point to?
red arrow point to?
blue arrow point to?
squamous mucosa
Adenocarcinoma
normal submucosal glands
26
disease and organism
sialadenitis
staph aureus
27
disease
what is found in micro?
pleomorphic adenoma
epithelial component in ductal or cystic formations
mesenchymal component usually myoepithelial cells in myxoid or chondroid matrix
28
disease
left arrow
right arrow
pleomorphic adenoma
chondroid matrix
epithelial matrix
29
disease
what is in micro
Warthin's tumor
cystic spaces lined by a double layer of oncocytes (epithelial cells w/ abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm)
prominent lymohid stroma (commonly w/ germinal centers)
30
disease
what is in micro
mucoepidermoid carcinoma (highly malignant)
mixture of mucous and squamous cells in variable ratios
31
disease
what is stained red
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
mucicarmine stain stains mucus red
32
disease
what is 5yr survival in upper and lower micrograph?
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
upper=\> low grade 90%
lower =\> high grade 50%
33
disease
benign gastric ulcer
34
disease
duodenal ulcer
35
disease
perforated peptic ulcer
36
disease
pyloric outlet obstruction and peripylroic ulcer disease
37
pyloric outlet obstruction and peripyloric ulcer disease
38
erosive gastritis
39
alcohol gastritis
40
disease
causes
erosive gastritis
NSAIDs, alcohol, bile reflux, CTX
41
acute hemorrhagic gastritis
42
disease
type and causes
chronic gastritis
lymphocytic
primary cause is H. Pylori \>\>\> AI \> bile reflux
43
disease
cause
chronic acute gastritis
H. pylori w/ neutrophils infiltrating gland in center
44
disease
cause
chronic follicular gastritis
H. pylori w/ lymphoid follicles
45
disease
cause
intestinal metaplasia (precursor to dysplasia and carcinoma)
H. pylori
46
disease
causes
autoimmune atrophic gastritis
Ab to parietal cells (achlorhydria)
Ab to intrinsic factor (pernicious anemia)
may get intestinal metaplasia =\> can get G-cell hyperplasia (not w/ H. pylori)
47
peptic ulcer disease
48
disease
4 stages of micro
chronic peptic ulcer
necrosis; inflammation; granulation tissue; scar
49
gastric ulcer
50
stress ulcers
51
disease
esophageal cancer
52
hyperplastic gastric polyps
53
fundic gland gastric polyps
54
adenomatous gastric polyps
55
gastric carcinoma
56
disease
left picture
right picture
metastatic gastric cancer
Virchow's node
Sister mary joseph nodule
57
disease
linitis plastica =\> aggressive diffuse gastric cancer
58
linitis plastica
59
mutations associated w/ each stage
60
squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus
61
squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus
62
disease
left side is Barrett esophagus
right is normal histology
63
dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus
64
Carcinoma in situ of Barrett's esophagus
65
invasive adenocarcinoma
66
disease
describe what is in micrograph
hyperplastic gastric polyp
hyperplastic mucosal epithelium
inflamed edematous stroma
67
disease
what is in micro
fundic gland polyp
dilated corpus (body) oxyntic type glands
68
disease
what is in micro
adenomatous polyp
## Footnote
stratified columnar epithelium
69
gastric carcinoma (perforated)
70
gastric carcinoma (ulcerated)
71
intestinal type adenocarcinoma
72
differentiate this primary cancer
gastric carcinoma
left=\>intestinal - masses, intestinal metaplasia (precursor)
right=\> diffuse - linitis plastica, infiltration by single cells resembling signet rings
73
disease
diffuse type adenocarcinoma causing linitis plastica
74
disease
prominent cells
diffuse type gastric adenocarcinoma
signet ring cells
75
disease
describe in micro
acute pancreatitis
coag necrosis (w/ ghost cells) + hemorrhage + degenerating polys
may have some residual acini
76
disease
describe what is in micro
acute pancreatitis
fat necrosis bw lobules
77
disease
what is in gross picture?
acute pancreatitis
fat necrosis bw lobules
78
disease
what is shown in gross picture?
severe acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis
fixation turns blood brown but also some tan and yellow of fat necrosis
79
disease
what is in micrograph
chronic pancreatitis
little dark blue dots all over =\> lymphocytes
acini are gone; ducts still present
residual necrotic debris (upper field); early fibrosis (lower field)
80
disease
what is in micrograph?
chronic pancreatitis
residual acini (upper left and right); fibroblasts and early fibrosis
reactive change in lower mid field duct=\> proliferation and dysplasia of epithelium =\>PanIN
81
disease
what is in micrograph?
chronic pancreatitis
end stage w/ replacement of exocrine acini and ducts by fibroadipose tissue =\> preservation of islets of Langerhans
82
disease
describe what is in micro
what do arrows point to?
pancreas early in CF
numerous ducts severely distended w/ inspissated, dark pink secretions, atrophy of acini and mildly increased fibrous tissue
peripancreatic lymph nodes
83
disease
what is in micrograph
black arrows
white arrows
CF in pancreas
ducts severely dilated w/ pink-purple inspissated secretions
islets
atrophic acini
84
disease
what is in gross picture?
pancreas late in CF
fibroadipose replacement of exocrine portion
85
what does green arrow?
pancreatic pseudocyst
86
disease
mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of pancreas
87
disease
mucinous cystic neoplasm of pancreas
88
disease
which arrow is tumor?
where is it
adenocarcinoma (ductal in tail of pancreas)
left arrow
tail of pancreas
89
disease
well differentiated pancreatic carcinoma
background of extensive fibrous tissue
90
disease
what is in micro?
moderately differentiated pancreatic carcinoma
poorly formed glands, back-to-back, numerous cells w/ huge nuclei in glands and invading individually
91
disease
what is in micro?
moderately differentiated pancreatic carcinoma
poorly formed glands shading into not really even glands and some bizzare huge anaplastic cells
92
disease
Which cells are larger in micro
moderately differentiated pancreatic carcinoma
cancer cells in glands are larger than luminal macs and surroudning lymphocytes
93
disease
what is in micro
poorly differentiated pancreatic carcinoma
no gland formation =\> anaplasia
94
differentiate
left=\> pathologic villous blunting
right=\> normal villi
95
disease
black arrows
celiac sprue / gluten sensitive enteropathy
intra-epithelial lymphocytes (CD8)
96
what can this disease lead to?
viral gastroenteritis
cancause temporary dissacharidase (lactase) deficiency
97
disease
what causes it?
who is it found in typically?
whipple disease
rare intestinal, lymph nodal, cerebral, cardiac and joint infection by TROPHERYMA WHIPPELII =\> PAS stain pos actinomycete
late middle aged white males
98
disease
colonic malignancy
99
disease
Hirschsprung disease
100
differentiate this disease
Hirschsprung disease
Left=\> normal ganglion cells
Right=\> nerve w/o ganglion cells
101
what type of pathology is this?
stalked colonic polyp
102
disease
benign or malignant
tubular adenoma
benign
103
disease
benign or malignant
villous adenoma
benign
104
disease
familial polyposis syndrome
105
disease
where is it more common?
benign or malignant
polypoid exophytic carcinoma
right colon
malignant
106
disease
where is it more common
benign or malignant
annular form (napkin ring)
left colon
malignant
107
disease
describe what is in micro
invasive colon cancer
abnormal irregular complex gland structures invading muscular wall
108
disease
what is in micro
invasive colon cancer
large cells w/ large nuclei, nucleoli, decreased cytoplasm, crowded and piled up
109
disease
cause
pseudomembranous colitis
C. difficile
110
differentiate disese based on endo pictures
both are immune mediated IBD
left=\> ulcerative colitis
right =\> Crohn's disease
