Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GI Exam > GI Pharmacology 2 > Flashcards

GI Pharmacology 2 Flashcards

(79 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

drug classes for inflammatory bowel disease

A

*aminosalicylates
*immune modulators:
-glucocorticoids
-purine analogs
-tofacitinib
*monoclonal antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

aminosalicylates (5-ASA) - MOA

A

*local anti-inflammatory effects
*act topically (not systemically) in the intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

aminosalicylates (5-ASA) - specific drugs

A

*sulfasalazine
*olsalazine
*pentasa
*asacol
*apriso
*lialda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

aminosalicylates - uses

A

*Crohn’s disease
*ulcerative colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

aminosalicylates - ADEs

A

ADEs of sulfasalazine:
-GI upset
-headaches
-arthralgias
-bone marrow suppression
-allergic reactions
*impairment of folate absorption (supplement recommended)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

aminosalicylates - unique facts

A

*if using sulfasalazine, supplement folate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

glucocorticoids for IBD - MOA

A

*suppress production of inflammatory mediators (cytokines & chemokines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

glucocorticoids - specific drugs

A

*prednisone
*methyl prednisolone
*budesonide
*hydrocortisone rectal products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

glucocorticoids - GI uses

A

*Crohn’s disease
*ulcerative colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

budesonide

A

*a glucocorticoid
*high first-pass hepatic metabolism (decreased systemic absorption)
*pH controlled delayed release
*watch out for drug interactions (CYP3A4)
*used to tx moderate to severe active disease in UC and Crohn’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

purine anti-metabolites - MOA

A

*alters purine nucleotide synthesis which affects DNA synthesis & function
*helps in Crohn’s and UC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

azothioprine - drug class & MOA

A

*purine antimetabolite
*immunosuppressive (suppresses T-cells and has anti-inflammatory properties)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

purine anti-metabolites - specific drugs

A

*azothioprine
*6-mercaptopurine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

purine anti-metabolites (azothioprine) - GI uses

A

*Crohn’s disease
*ulcerative colitis
*autoimmune hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

purine anti-metabolites - ADEs

A

*leukopenia
*pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

tofacitinib - drug class

A

JAK inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

tofacitinib - MOA

A

*inhibits JAK-STAT pathway -> decreased synthesis of inflammatory cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

tofacitinib - uses

A

*treatment and maintenance of ulcerative colitis
*some rheumatology diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

tofacitinib - ADEs

A

*increased risk of infections
*reactivation of infections (TB, shingles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

tofacitinib - unique facts

A

*some CYP3A4 drug interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies - specific drug

A

*infliximab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

infliximab - target

A

TNF receptor (anti-TNF monoclonal antibody)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies (infliximab) - MOA

A

*blocks pro-inflammatory actions of TNF (tumor necrosis factor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies (infliximab) - uses

A

*Crohn’s disease
*ulcerative colitis
*some rheum diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies (infliximab) - ADEs
*increased risk of acquiring or reactivating infections *increased risk of skin cancers & lymphoma
26
anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies - specific drug
vedolizumab
27
vedolizumab - target
anti-integrin monoclonal antibody (inhibits mucosal WBC adhesion & migration)
28
anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies (vedolizumab) - MOA
*inhibits mucosal WBC adhesion & migration
29
anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies (vedolizumab) - uses
*2nd line drug for Crohn's disease & ulcerative colitis
30
anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies (vedolizumab) - ADEs
*infection *arthralgia
31
anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies (vedolizumab) - unique facts
less risk of PML than natalizumab
32
anti-IL12/23 monoclonal antibodies - specific drug
ustekinumab
33
ustekinumab - target
*anti IL12 and IL-23 antibody (inhibits cell-mediated inflammation by blocking cell signaling, cytokine production, and gene activation)
34
anti-IL12/23 monoclonal antibodies (ustekinumab) - MOA
inhibits cell-mediated inflammation by blocking cell signaling, cytokine production, and gene activation
35
anti-IL12/23 monoclonal antibodies (ustekinumab) - uses
*Crohn's *ulcerative colitis
36
anti-IL12/23 monoclonal antibodies (ustekinumab) - ADEs
*allergic reactions *increased infections *headache
37
bulk-forming laxatives - MOA
*indigestible, hydrophilic colloid *distends colon & promotes peristalsis
38
bulk-forming laxatives - specific drugs
*psyllium *methyl cellulose *polycarbophil
39
bulk-forming laxatives - ADEs
*bloating *flatus
40
bulk-forming laxatives - uses
constipation
41
osmotic laxatives - MOA
non-absorbable compounds that increase fecal fluid
42
osmotic laxatives - specific drugs
*polyethylene glycol (most commonly used) *Mg salts *Mg citrate & sulfate *sorbitol *lactulose
43
osmotic laxatives - uses
*constipation *bowel prep
44
osmotic laxatives - ADEs
*diarrhea *bloating *cramps
45
stimulant laxatives - MOA
directly stimulates enteric nervous system
46
stimulant laxatives - specific drugs
*senna *bisacodyl
47
stimulant laxatives - uses
*constipation *bowel prep
48
stimulant laxatives - ADEs
*diarrhea *bloating *cramps *nausea
49
lubiprostone - drug class
chloride secretion activator
50
lubiprostone - MOA
stimulates type-2 chloride channel in small intestine (increases Cl in intestine, leading to increased intestinal motility to tx constipation)
51
lubiprostone - uses
*chronic constipation *IBS-C
52
lubiprostone - ADEs
nausea
53
linaclotide - drug class
chloride secretion activators
54
linaclotide - MOA
activates guanylate cyclase-C on luminal surface of intestine
55
linaclotide - uses
*chronic constipation *IBS-C
56
linaclotide - ADEs
*diarrhea *nausea *dizziness
57
dicyclomine - drug class
anticholinergic (for IBS-D)
58
dicyclomine - MOA
*M1 cholinergic receptor antagonist (block M1 Ach receptors) *decreases smooth muscle contractility & GI motility (to tx IBS-D)
59
dicyclomine - GI uses
*IBS-D *GI antispasmodic
60
dicyclomine - ADEs
dry mouth, constipation, dry eyes, other anticholinergic side effects
61
alosetron - drug class
5-HT3 antagonist
62
alosetron - MOA
decreases afferent signaling from GI tract (by inhibiting GI 5-HT3 receptors)
63
alosetron - uses
*severe IBS-D in women who have not responded to other therapies
64
alosetron - ADEs
*severe constipation *ischemic colitis note - much worse ADEs than other 5-HT3 antagonists
65
peppermint oil for GI uses
*drug class = menthol *MOA = kappa-opioid & 5-HT3 antagonist *uses = IBS-D *ADEs = GERD, nausea
66
loperamide - drug class
*opioid agonist (alternative = diphenoxylate) note - the STANDARD anti-diarrheal drug
67
loperamide - MOA
*mu-opiod agonist in GI tract note - the STANDARD anti-diarrheal drug
68
loperamide - uses
*IBS-D *OTC treatment of diarrhea note - the STANDARD anti-diarrheal drug
69
loperamide - ADEs
*constipation *nausea *somnolence *abuse of high doses?
70
amitriptyline - drug class
tricyclic antidepressant
71
amitriptyline - MOA
*acts on 5-HT, NE, H1, & Ach in CNS & enteric nervous system (inhibiting 5-HT and NE reuptake like SNRIs) *decreases visceral pain perception & GI motility
72
amitriptyline - GI uses
*IBS-D *diabetic neuropathy *pain disorders
73
amitriptyline - ADEs
lots (sedation, anticholinergic, sedation, weight gain, cardiac, serotonin-related)
74
SSRIs for GI uses
*sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram *MOA = blocks 5-HT reuptake *GI uses = IBS-D *ADEs = sexual dysfunction, headache, weight gain
75
albendazole & mebendazole
*drug class: anti-helminth *uses: tapeworm, cysticercosis, roundworm, pinworm, hookworm *ADEs: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
76
thiabendazole
*drug class: anti-helminth *uses: cutaneous larva migrans, strongyloides, trichinosis *ADEs: nausea, vomiting, dizziness
77
ivermectin
*drug class: anti-helminth *uses: strongyloides!! *ADEs: dizziness, rash/pruritus, peripheral edema, tachycardia
78
nitazoxanide
*drug class: anti-protozoan *uses: cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis *ADEs: abdominal pain, nausea, headache
79
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX)
*drug class: antibiotic anti-protozoan *MOA: INTERRUPT FOLIC ACID SYNTEHSIS *uses: protozoa (Cystoisospora belli & Cyclospora); lots of bacterial infections *ADEs: hypersensitivity, bone marrow suppression, hyperkalemia

GI Exam (54 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions