GI Potpourri

Question 1

G-cells secrete ________, which stimulates enterochromaffin-like cells (ECLs) to secrete ______, which causes parietal cells to secrete _______.

Answer 1

Gastrin / histamine / hydrochloric acid

Question 2

_____ is secreted by parietal cells. It kills bacteria in food and activates ________.

Answer 2

Hydrochloric acid / Pepsin

Question 3

_____ cells secrete pepsinogen.

Answer 3

Chief cells

Question 4

_______, produced by pancreatic D-cells, negatively inhibits gastrin secretion

Answer 4

Somatostatin

Question 5

Part of the GI tract that absorbs water from undigested food

Answer 5

Large intestine

Question 6

Secretin, released by the ________, causes the _______ to release ______, which neutralizes acid from the stomach.

Answer 6

Duodenum / Pancreas / Bicarb

Question 7

Name 3 things that CCK does:

Answer 7

1) stimulate release of pancreatic enzymes, 2) increase bicarb release by pancreas, 3) stimulates gallbladder contraction and bile release

Question 8

When a stone is present in the cystic duct, what might CCK cause?

Answer 8

Biliary colic. Contraction of obstructed gallbladder –> biliary colic.

Question 9

Pancreatic exocrine cells are called _________. Name the 4 substances they produce (which drain into the duodenum)

Answer 9

Acinar Cells / Bicarb, proteases (trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen), amylase, lipase

Question 10

Amylase breaks down______ into ______ and lipase breaks down ________ into ______

Answer 10

Starches into simple sugars / fats into fatty acids

Question 11

Pancreatic endocrine cells are called _________.

Answer 11

Islets of Langerhans

Question 12

Beta cells produce __________, which _______ blood sugar. Alpha cells produce ________, which _______ blood sugar

Answer 12

Insulin / lowers; Glucagon / raises