GI PrepU quiz Flashcards
(34 cards)
the nurse is caring for a client with diarrhea who has been prescribed diphenoxylate with atropine and is observing the client for which adverse effect of this drug?
- bradycardia
- polyuria
- dizziness
- paleness of the face
dizziness
the 5-HT3 receptor blocker, palonosetron, is especially suited for administration to which client?
- a 79 year old who is recovering from hip surgery
- a 16 year old experiencing intractable hiccups
- an 8 year old receiving radiation therapy
- a 10 month old experiencing vomiting after chemotherapy
a 10 month old experiencing vomiting after chemotherapy
what client circumstance would the use of a bulk-forming laxative be contraindicated?
- acute abdominal pain
- a history of hemorrhoids
- inability to ambulate independently
- currently prescribed vitamin B supplements
acute abdominal pain
a client is advised to use a bulk-forming laxative to alleviate constipation. the nurse will recommend:
- psyllium (Metamucil)
- docusate (Colace)
- mineral oil
- milk of magnesia
psyllium (Metamucil)
the nurse should educate the client prescribed a stimulant cathartic to be alert for which common adverse effect?
- nausea
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- rectal bleeding
diarrhea
the nurse administers hydroxyzine to a client with nausea. after administration, the nurse should monitor for what adverse effect?
- thrombocytopenia
- palpitations
- hypertonic muscle tone
- dry mouth
dry mouth
diphenoxylate with atropine sulfate resolves diarrhea by what mechanism of action?
- decreasing intestinal motility
- absorbing toxins
- binding with fecal material to increase bulk
- inhibiting cellular division in causative bacteria
decreasing intestinal motility
all of the following are centrally acting antiemetics EXCEPT:
- phenothiazines
- anticholinergics
- antihistamines
- serotonin (5-HT3) receptor blockers
- absorbents
absorbents
a postoperative surgical client, prescribed twice-daily administration of docusate sodium, is concerned about developing diarrhea. what should the nurse teach the client about docusate sodium?
- “this medication will only soften your stools ove rthe next couple of days”
- “you’ll usually have a bowel movement within 2 to 3 hours of taking this”
- “this medication will cause your bowels to contract more strongly than they normally do”
- “this drug will help you pass regular stools while you’re in the hospital, but you should not take it for more than 5 days”
“this medication will only soften your stools over the next couple of days”
a community health nurse is conducting a health promotion session with a group from a local senior’s center. the nurse has addressed the issue of laxative overuse in this population. the nurse should highlight what consequence of the overuse of laxatives?
- dependance
- impaired absorption of water-soluble vitamins
- fecal incontinence
- abdominal pain
dependance
a nurse is teaching a group of older adults about nonpharmacologic strategies for preventing constipation. the nurse should recommend what practices? select all that apply.
- consuming a high-fiber diet
- reserving at least 8 hours nightly to assure adequate sleep
- drinking 6 to 10 glasses of fluid each day
- engaging in frequent physical exercise
- introducing organic foods into the daily diet
consuming a high-fiber diet, drinking 6 to 10 glasses of fluid each day, engaging in frequent physical exercise
the nurse administers loperamide to decrease the number and liquidity of stool by what mechanism?
- absorbing toxins
- decreasing intestinal motility
- binding with fecal material to increase bulk
- blocking the chemoreceptor trigger (CTZ)
decreasing intestinal motility
a group of students are reviewing the actions of laxatives on the GI tract. the students demonstrate understanding when they state what about bulk stimulants?
- directly stimulate the nerve plexus in the intestinal wall
- selectively antagonize opioid binding
- allow formation of a slippery coat on the intestinal contents
- increase the fluid in the intestinal contents
increase the fluid in the intestinal contents
the nurse has a prescription to administer a saline cathartic to a client who has a history of congestive heart failure (CHF). why is this type of cathartic contraindicated with this client?
- the client is at risk for hypomagnesemia
- the client is at risk for excess fluid volume
- the client is at risk for hypochloremia
- the client is at risk for hyperphosphatemia
the client is at risk for excess fluid volume
the nurse should know that lactulose achieves a therapeutic effect by which means?
- decreasing the viscosity of intestinal contents in the duodenum
- irritating the intestinal mucous membrane
- pulling water into the intestinal lumen by osmotic pressure
- relaxing the emuscle tone of the ileocecal valve and anal sphincter
pulling water into the intestinal lumen by osmotic pressure
a patient is advised to use a cathartic to relieve constipation. the nurse knows that cathartics include which of the following?
- bulk-forming agents
- surfactants
- stimulants
- lubricants
stimulants
the nurse is teaching a client about diphenoxylate with atropine sulfate which has been prescribed for treatment os acute diarrhea. for which adverse effect should the nurse teach the client to anticipate?
- diaphoresis
- bradycardia
- nausea
- increased appetite
nausea
a patient who experiences frequent constipation asks the nurse for advice regarding which agent would be best for long-term daily use? the nurse will respond that the best for daily use is which of the following?
- docusate (Colace)
- milk of magnesia
- bisadocyl (Dulcolax)
- mineral oil
docusate (Colace)
constipation is a frequent problem. the nurse knows that which of these statements regarding constipation is correct?
- opioid drugs relieve constipation
- dietary fiber causes constipation
- constipation is defined as the absence of dily bowel movements
- constipation is characterized by hard, dry stools
constipation is characterized by hard, dry stools
you are preparing to administer a saline cathartic when the patient mentions that they have CHF. you know that saline cathartics are contraindicated for clients with congestive heart failure due to what adverse effect?
- hypomagnesemia
- hypernatremia
- hypochloremia
- hyperphosphatemia
hypernatremia
a 75-year-old client is prescribed magnesium hydroxide for constipation. the nurse’s assessment reveals that the client is being treated for rheumatoid arthritis and hypertension. the client is is assisted living and is on a low-sodium diet. before the magnesium hydroxide therapy begins, it will be most important for the nurse to assess the client’s:
- home environment
- diet
- activity level
- medication history
medication history
the patient has called the office to see is using bismuth subsalicylate will work to treat simple diarrhea. the nurse knows this will be safe and effective treatment for diarrhea unless the patient has:
- allergy to aspirin
- hypertension
- hypothyroidism
- urinary retention
allergy to aspirin
the nurse is conducting a first aid class and informs the class that in case of acute, nonspecific diarrhea in adults where fluid losses are not severe, clients usually only need simple replacement of fluids and electrolytes lost in the stool. the nurse instructs the class to drink how much fluid during the first 24 hours?
- 2 to 3 L of clear liquids
- 1 to 2 L of clear liquids
- 0.5 to 1 L of clear liquids
- 3 to 4 L of clear liquids
2 to 3 L of clear liquids
a client reports taking antihistamines to treat nausea. the nurse correctly suspects that the nausea results from what trigger?
- radiation therapy
- drugs
- surgery
- motion sickness
motion sickness
