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GI 4 > GI Radiology > Flashcards

GI Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

3 causes of ascites

A
  • cirrhosis
  • CHF
  • hypoprotienemia
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2
Q

4 causes of exudative ascites

A
  • abscess
  • pancreatitis
  • peritonitis
  • bowel perforation
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3
Q

X-ray sign for ascites

A
  • bowel loops filled with air
  • hazyness look to the film
  • diffuse increased density
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4
Q

ascites on CT

A
  • water is designated as 0
  • simple serous ascites is 0 to -10
  • if >45 think hemorrhage
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5
Q

free air in the peritoneal cavity (pneumoperitoneum)

A
  • perforated hollow viscous until proven otherwise
  • may be normal for 3-4 days after surgery but anything after that is abnormal
  • usually on right side
  • if a person cannot stand do a left lateral decubitus
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6
Q

best image modality for free air

A
  • CT
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7
Q

dilated small bowel

A
  • 2.5-3 cm
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8
Q

dilated colon

A
  • > 5 cm
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9
Q

dilated cecum

A
  • > 8cm

- if > 10 cm look for perforations and treat aggressively

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10
Q

adynamic ileus

A
  • diffuse paralytic ileus
  • non-obstructive
  • commonly caused by drugs, surgery
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11
Q

dynamic ileus

A
  • stasis above a physical obstruction

- usually a tumor, adhesion, or stricture

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12
Q

common causes of small bowel obstructions

A
  • adhesions (#1 cause in US)
  • incarcerated hernia (#1 cause everywhere else)
  • malignancy
  • intussususception
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13
Q

common causes of large bowel obstructions

A
  • colon carcinoma (50-60%)
  • metastatic disease
  • diverticulitis
  • fecal impaction (nursing homes)
  • volvulus
  • adhesions
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14
Q

3 causes of fatty infiltration of the liver

A
  • alcoholism (#1 cause)
  • obesity
  • diabetes
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15
Q

diagnosis of fatty liver on CT

A
  • The spleen and liver should be equal density on CT

- if the liver is lower density (not as bright) suggests diffuse fatty infiltration

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16
Q

diagnosis of fatty liver on US

A
  • liver becomes brighter then the kidney

- echogenicity of liver is significantly greater than kidney

17
Q

most common malignant mass in the liver

A
  • metastatic lesion

- most from GI tract, breast and lung

18
Q

most common primary tumor of the liver

A
  • HCC

- most common cause of HCC is cirrhosis

19
Q

preferred screening method of the biliary tree

A
  • US

- US and CT are highly sensitive in detecting dilation of bile ducts but less effective for determining the cause

20
Q

MRCP findings for static fluid

A
  • any static fluid will be bright such as ascites or hepatic cysts
  • takes advantage of long T2 characteristics of bile
21
Q

HIDA scan

A
  • normal gallbladder shows progressive accumulation of radionuclide activity over 30min to 1 hour
  • considered positive with normal activity in liver and bowel with no activity at 4 hours
  • may be considered positive at 1 hour if morphine utilized
22
Q

major imaging modalities of the spleen

A
  • CT and US
23
Q

fluoroscopy

A
  • useful in the evaluation of ulcerative disease
24
Q

malignancy of duodenal lesions

A
  • in duodenal bulb, 90% of lesions are benign
  • in 2nd and 3rd portion, 50% are benign
  • in 4th portion, most are malignant
25
Q

duodenal ulcers

A
  • caused by H. pylori

- most often occur in the duodenal bulb

26
Q

preferred method for small bowel evaluation

A
  • enteroclysis (small bowel enema)

- CT complements the barium exam

27
Q

most common small bowel neoplasm

A
  • carcinoid

- Carcinoid > adenocarcinoma > lymphoma

28
Q

imaging modality for acute appendicitis

A
  • CT

- US is the alternative

29
Q

GI bleeding scan

A
  • utilizes in vitro Tc 99m tagged RBCs, should be done during active bleeding, can be imaged up to 24 hours
30
Q

common causes of hepatomegaly

A
  • ALCOHOL USE
  • CHF
  • HEPATITIS
  • TUMOR (METASTASIS)
  • STEATOSIS
31
Q

acute cholecystitis

A
  • ACUTE INFLAMMATION OF THE GALLBLADDER
  • 90% CAUSED BY GALLSTONES OBSTRUCTING CYSTIC DUCT
  • NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND ULTRASOUND HAVE COMPARABLE SENSITIVITIES AND SPECIFICITIES
32
Q

screening for colorectal cancer

A
  • CT colonography is an alternative to colonoscopy to screen for colorectal cancer.
33
Q

imaging modality for colon

A
  • Double-contrast enema is favored over barium method
34
Q

most common malignancy of GI tract

A
  • colorectal cancer
35
Q

gastric emptying studies

A
  • Solid or liquid foods are labeled with a radiotracer and consumed by patient
  • Images acquired and time activity curves obtained
  • Normal t ½ is less than 90 minutes, if longer than 90 think gastroparesis

GI 4 (11 decks)

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