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Gastroenterology - Physiology > GI regulatory substances > Flashcards

GI regulatory substances Flashcards

1
Q

Where is gastrin secreted from?

A

G cells in the antrum of the stomach and duodenum

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2
Q

What is the action of gastrin?

A

Inc gastric H+ secretion, incr growth of gastric mucosa, Inc gastric motility

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3
Q

What stimulates gastrin secretion?

A

Stomach distention, alkalinization, amino acids, peptides, vagal stimulation

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4
Q

What inhibits gastrin secretion?

A

pH < 1.5

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5
Q

What is the effect of chronic PPI use on gastrin secretion?

A

Increases

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6
Q

Where is somatostatin secreted from in the GI system?

A

D cells of pancreas, GI mucosa

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7
Q

What are the actions of somatostatin in the GI system?

A
  1. Decr gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion
  2. Decr pancreatic and small intestine fluid secretion
  3. Decr gallbladder contraction
  4. Decr insulin and glucagon release
    - Generally, decreases digestive activity.
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8
Q

What stimulates somatostatin release?

A

Acid

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9
Q

What inhibits somatostatin release?

A

Vagal stimulation

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10
Q

What medication is an analogue for somatostatin?

A

Octreotide

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11
Q

What is the effect of somatostatin on GH release?

A

Inhibits GH

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12
Q

Where is cholecystokinin released from?

A

I cells (of the duodenum and jejunum)

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13
Q

What are the effects of CCK?

A
  1. Incr GB contraction
  2. Incr Pancr secretion
  3. Decr gastric emptying
  4. Incr sphincter of oddi relaxation
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14
Q

What stimulates CCK release?

A

Fatty acids, amino acids

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15
Q

What pathways does CCK act on to cause pancreatic secretion?

A

Neural muscarinic pathways

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16
Q

Where is secretin released from?

A

S cells of the duodenum

17
Q

What are the actions of secretin?

A
  1. Increase pancreatic bicarb secretion
  2. Decrease gastric acid secretion
  3. Increase bile secretion
18
Q

What stimulates secretin release?

A

Acid, fatty acids in lumen of duodenum

19
Q

What is the purpose of HCO3- secretion?

A

neutralizes gastric acid in duodenum, allowing pancreatic enzymes to function

20
Q

From where is GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide) secreted?

A

K cells of duodenum, jejunum

21
Q

What is the exocrine function of GIP?

A

Decrease gastric H+ secretion

22
Q

What is the endocrine function of GIP?

A

Incr insulin release

23
Q

What stimulates GIP release?

A

Incr in fatty acids, amino acids, oral glucose

24
Q

Why are different quantities of insulin released in response to glucose PO vs IV?

A

GIP is released with PO glucose, but not IV.

25
Q

Where is motilin released from?

A

Small intestine M cells (esp duod & jej)

26
Q

What is the function of motilin?

A

Produces migrating motor complexes

27
Q

What are migrating motor complexes?

A

Peristalsis of the gut that occurs during interdigestive phases, to clear out indigestive substances on for excretion

28
Q

When is motilin released?

A

During fasting state

29
Q

How does erythromycin work to stimulate intestinal peristalsis?

A

It is a motilin receptor agonist

30
Q

Were is vasoactive intestinal polypeptide released from?

A

Parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, GB, and small intestine

31
Q

What is the function of VIP?

A

Incr intestinal water and electrolyte secretion

Incr relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters

32
Q

What stimulates VIP secretion?

A

Incr by distension and vagal stimulation

33
Q

What inhibits VIP secretion?

A

Decr by adrenergic input

34
Q

What are the symptoms of VIPoma?

A

islet cell pancreatic tumor that secretes VIP - Watery Diarrhea, Hypokalemia, and Achlorhydria

35
Q

Loss of what is implicated in achalasia?

A

NO, causing increased LES tone. (NO increases smooth muscle relaxation)

Gastroenterology - Physiology (3 decks)

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