GI, Renal, Endocrine, Immuno, Integumentary Disorders Flashcards
(29 cards)
Facial Paralysis
Swallowing Disorders
Incomplete closure of the mouth
Loss of the bolus out of the front of the oral cavity
Praxis/Motor Planning
Swallowing Disorders
Inability to effectively chew and coordinate tongue movements to propel bolus toward the base of the tongue
Difficulty forming a bolus with smoother consistencies
Sensory Impairment
Swallowing Disorders
Lack of awareness of residual food on the side of mouth that has decreased sensation
Pocketing of food
Spillage of residual food into the airway
Clinical Aspiration
Food enters the airway
- Person clears airway by coughing
- Silent aspiration
a. bolus enter lungs, person does not react
b. bolus enter lungs, person has respiratory distress w/o a cough
c. person cough too weak to expel bolus
GERD
Structures involved include lower esophagus and gastric sphincter
Complications
Heartburn/indigestion, feeling that food is “stuck” in throat, chest pressure/pain, regurgitation after swallowing, increased mucus procution
Intervention Sleeping w/1+ pillows Medication Diet Mod- less spice. smaller, more freq meals Stress Management
Small Bowel Obstruction
2nd to scar tissue. 2nd to radiation of abdomen. result of tumor obstruction
Rehab Issues
Decrease mobility of gross movements that cause traction on the healing scar (bending, stooping, LE self-care).
Neurogenic Bowel
Sympathetic nerve impairment, generally occurring in persons with SCI above T6. Causes:
Loss of control of anal sphincter, sensory loss, or flaccidity/hypotonicity resulting in bowel incontinence
Autonomic dysreflexia
Autonomic Disreflexia
Prevention/Management
Prevention Pressure relief training Intermittent catheterization Diet Education
Management
Id stimulus and relieve issue
Medication, if no impact is made
Kidney Disease
Risk Factors and Stages
Risk Factors
Diabetes
Hypertension
Lupus
Stage 1- Kidney damage w/normal (90 or above) glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Stage 2- mild decrease in GFR (60-89)
Stage 3- mod decrease in GFR (30-59)
Stage 4- severe decrease in GFR (15-29)
Stage 5- GFR less than 15; end stage
Kidney Disease Impact on Performance Skills
Motor- muscle pain; edema limiting mobility; weakness
Sensory- neuropathy; vision loss
Cognitive- alteration of body image; delusions do to sepsis; dementia
Neurobehvioral- dementia; stroke related
Psychological- anxiety disorder; depression; mood disorder
Cancer
Risk Factors, Stages, Treatment
Risk Factors- heredity; smoking/using tobacco products; obesity/high-fat diets; environmental/chemical pollution
Stages I- tumor II- localized spread of tumor III- spread to other organs IV- inoperable primary lesion
Treatment
Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy
Scleroderma
Rheumatic, connective tissue disease associated with impaired immune response. Two types:
1. Limited Skin involvment (w/good prognosis) Linear scleroderma (bands of thicker skin, w/good pronosis)
- Systemic
Systemic scleroderma of internal organs (life-threatening)
CREST syndrome w/good prognosis
Scleroderma Intervention
- Raynaud’s Phenomenom
Keep fingers/toes warm; dress in layers; medication; biofeedback; skin inspection; activity mod to prevent trauma
2. Fibrosis of Skin Protective gloves (cotton, insulated, mildly compressive); meds
- Myositis
Cessation of exercise; meds - Contractures
Splinting (slow progressive dvlpmnt of contractures)
Use of silicone gel in palms
Electrical/mechanical vibration - Facial disfigurement/Body image
“Look good/feel” better programs
Support groups - Neurorehabilitation and biomechanical approaches indicated for thoracic spinal lesions
HIV/AIDS
HIV Stages and Interventions
Stages I- Acute infection: flu-like response to initial contact II- Asymptomatic III- Symptomatic IV- AIDS: severely compromised
Complications Enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue, wt loss, general malaise, fever, diarrhea, lack of energy. Cognitive Impairment Affective changes Sensory changes Visual impairments Myelopathy Peripheral neuropathy ADL impairments
Interventions Nutrition Education Alternative medicine techniques Energy conservation Positioning Adapted equipment Consideration of psychosocial stress
Acute Hospitalization
Rehabilitation for Immunological Disease
Early mobilization Preservation of function Psychological/emotional support Positioning Prevention of long-term disease
Inpatient Rehab
Rehabilitation for Immunological Disease
Self-care, basic ADL
IADL
Energy conservation and work simplification
Activity/Exercise tolerance
Achievement/maintenance of quality of life
Role adjustment
Community reintegration
Home Care
Rehabilitation for Immunological Disease
Restoration of functional ability
Restoration of activity/exercise tolerance
Community mobility
Community-Based Care
Rehabilitation for Immunological Disease
School Related
Transition from home school
Work Related
Participatory as per Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Complications of Diabetes
Fatigue Urinary disturbance Visual loss, low vision Peripheral neuropathy Propensity to develop wounds Poor general health/increased infections Hypoglycemia Hyperglycemic crisis
Hypoglycemia
Symptoms include vagueness, dizziness, tachycardia, pallor, weakness, diaphoresis, seizures and/or coma
If person is conscious, immediately provide with carbs in the form of hard candy, fruit juice, or honey.
If unconscious, call for emergency care
Hyperglycemic Crisis
Ketoacidosis: signs include dehydration, rapid/weak pulse, and acetone breath
Hyperosmolar coma: signs include stupor, thirst, polyuria, and neurologic abnormalities
Call for emergency services
Diabetes Rehab
Preventive exercise
Ed on compliance
Psychological support
Lifestyle adjustment (low vision, safety, physical adaptions)
Peripheral neuropathy (safety, sensory loss ed, skin care/inspection, pain mngmnt, ae)
BMI
25-29.9- Overweight
>30- Obese
>40- Morbidly obese
Lyme Disease
Symptoms
Early Symptoms Fatigue Headache Fever and chills Muscle/joint pain Swollen lymph nodes Rash- circular, red patch(resembling a bulls-eye) appearing 3d-1mo after bite; in groin, thigh, trunk, armpits
Late Symptoms
Arthritis
Nervous Sys Abnormalities (numbness, pain, Bell’s palsy, Meningitis)
Heart rate irregularities
