GI: Special Senses and GI Disorders Flashcards
Describe factors that control or modify feeding behavior, and how these can be manipulated to assist in nutritional support of sick animals
Neurons the make you feel full (POMC) and increases energy expenditure, neurons that make you hungry (NPY-AGRP) and decrease energy expenditure. Neurotransmitters and hormones can be anorexogenic or orexogenic. Stress (cortisol) increases appetite. When to stop eating? Short term: Oral receptors, GI stretch receptors, fats and CHO, and ghrelin from gastric oxyntic cells. Long term: CHO, lipid and protein availability. Decreased bosy temperature increases hunger. Increased energy stores inhibit food intake.
Animals not eating for some reason, almost always underlying disease. Can develop aversion to food, can try endorphins.
Describe the process and control of vomition
Usually presented for vomiting (actually regurgitation) or coughing. Vomiting is a clinical sign, not a disease. Gi obstruction, abdominal inflation.
Five steps to vomiting: 1. Muscles of stomach to relax and pylorus to close 2. contraction of the abdominal musculature 3. expansion of chest cavity while the glottis remains closed
Peristalsis when stomach muscles relax down, anti-peristalsis
Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), the CNS, the vestibular system, the vagal afferent system
Emetic center is the vomiting center on your brain stem (a major injury like tearing your muscle)
Relate what is learned about physiology to the pathogenesis and treatment of GI disorders
Gastritis can be acute or chronic. There is bacteria that can survive at a low pH. Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), can be a number of diseases.
Lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis (LPE) is a malabsorptive disease, less functioning absorptive cells
Colitis,
Diarrhea, small intestinal diarrhea comes with weight loss, large does not. Anytime large intestine is touched, you get the urge to go if you have large intestinal diarrhea and increased frequency.
Septic peritonitis
Hepatic lipidosis, not good for cats to stop eating, especially if they are obese. Will start to mobilize their fat, broken down into NEFA, some used, some go to liver to produce lipo-protein, if cat is not eating, they are not taking in any protein. Liver can’t process it and can’t make VDLs & fat just stays in the liver. (obeses anorectic cats)
