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DMIS 1105 post midterm > GI Syst/ Abdomen :) > Flashcards

GI Syst/ Abdomen :) Flashcards

1
Q

9 anatomic regions of the abdominal/pelvic cavities

A

Right hypochondriac epigastric Left hypochondriac
Right lumbar umbilical Left lumbar
Right iliac hypogastric Left iliac

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2
Q

What lines the abdominal cavity, what is it?

A

peritoneum , ser-ous membrane,

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3
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

serous membrane attached to organs

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4
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

(pari-e-tal ) attached to abdominal wall

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5
Q

mesentary

A

double fold sm bowel

extends from posterior abdom. wall - lumbar region

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6
Q

greater omentum

A

double fold duodenum-stomach-transverse colon

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7
Q

lesser omentum

A

single fold attaches liver to lesser curvature of stomach to the duodenum

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8
Q

Atresia

A

congenital absence or closure of a normal body orifice or tubular organ

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9
Q

esophageal atresia

A

anomaly - esophagus does not fully develop-

results in discontinuance of esophageal structure

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10
Q

ileal atresia

A

discontinuance of the ileum – most frequent type of bowel atresia

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11
Q

imperforate anus/ anus agenesis

A

anal opening to exterior is not present

may have fistula present between colon and other body structures

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12
Q

HPS hypertophic pyloric stenosis

when can the Dx be made clinically

A

congenital condition- pyloric region of the stomach is narrowed due to hypertrophy or hyperplasia of pyloric sphincter
“olive” sign of hypertrophies pyloric m. is palpated

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13
Q

What is the gold standard for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

A

US - measures m. thickness of pyloric sphincter and allows for prolonged observations

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14
Q

Malrotation

A

anomaly, intestines not in normal position

predisposing pt to internal herniation or volvulus

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15
Q

volvulus

A

malrotation subtype– twisting of bowel about the mesentary ——————-possibly causing obstruction

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16
Q

incarceration hernia

A

omentum or loop of intestine becomes trapped in abdominal wall

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17
Q

Hirschsprung disease

A

absence of neurons in the bowel wall – preventing relaxation and subsequent peristalsis
(sigmoid colon)
infant will pass little to no meconium
without intervention this disease may cause toxic megacolon

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18
Q

toxic megacolon

A

overgrowth of bacterium leading to fluid and electrolyte imbalance and possibly death

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19
Q

Meckel diverticulum

A

remnant of yolk sack on sm bowel where formally connected to umbilical cord

20
Q

celiac disease

A

autoimmune, sensitivity to glutin , gliadin acts as antigen, slows paristalsis
Dx biopsy of sm bowel

21
Q

carbohydrate intolrance

A

lace of lactase in small bowel prevents the breakdown of lactose which acts as osmotic agent in intestine pulling fluids causing cramping and diarrhea

22
Q

Esophageal stricture

A

inflammatory disease
narrowing of esophagus may be secondary to irritant
Dx with endoscopy and treated with corticosteroids

23
Q

GERD

A

inflammitory diseases
gastroesophageal reflux disease
results from incompetent cardiac sphincter
back flow of gastric acid and contents into esophagus
pH probe is considered testing method of choice
although US color doppler is less invasive

24
Q

Peptic Ulcer

A

erosion of the mucus membrane of the lower end of esophagus, stomach, or duodenum (most likely site)

H pylori and NSAID make mucosa more susceptible
Dx via endoscopy
gastric ulcers display radiating spikelike wheels of mucosal folds that run to the edge of the crater
Tx with antibiotics and proton pump

25
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

inflammatory

general grouping of inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach and sm bowel

effects the epithelial layer

erosive gastritis causes: asprin NSAIDs alchol steroids physical stress and trauma viral or fungal infections
H pylori and salmonella infection

26
Q

Regional enteritis (Crohn disease)

A

inflammatory

unregulated intestinal immune response to various agents results in crypt cell inflammation & abscesses

effects all layers of the bowel wall

presents as bowel obstruction or appendicitis, cobblestone appearance on radiograph

transabdominal US can demonstrait CD via measurements of bowel wall thickening

27
Q

Appendicitis

A

inflammation of the vermiform appendix caused by obstruction of fecalith

obstructs blood flow to tissue – more susceptiable to esscherichia coli (present in GI tract) and gangrene perforation and possible rupture

first presents as pain in the RLQ persistent nausea and vomiting because of vegus nerve supplies also the stomach *elevation of WBC

28
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

inflammatory leasion of the colonic mucosa

starts in rectum and moves its way up
complications – mucosa is replaced by fibrous tissue
toxic megacolon and temp arrest of intestinal peristalsis

disease of only the mucosa of the intestine

29
Q

Esophageal Varices

A

inflammatory
portal hypertension causes varicose veins of esophagus

best visualized in a recumbant position thin ba mix allows visualation of worm like structures

complication: rupture

30
Q

TIPSS

A

transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts

used to redirect liver blood flow – reducing hypertension
US used to assess the direction of blood flow through a TIPSS

31
Q

Herniation

A

(rupture) degenerative disease

protrusion of a loop of bowel through a small opening usually in the abdominal wall

32
Q

reducable hernia

A

if herniated bowel can be pushed back into the abdominal cavity

33
Q

incarcerated hernia

A

herniation cannot be reduced

my result in bowel obstruction

34
Q

strangulated hernia

A

construction is tight enough to cut off blood supply

35
Q

hiatal hernia

A

weakness of the esophageal hiatus that permits some portions of the stomach to herniate into the thoracic cavity

36
Q

an outpouching of the bowel wall caused by a weakness in m. layer is a

A

diverticulum

37
Q

radiographic string sign is associated with

A

regional enteritis

38
Q

celiac disease is a type of

A

malabsorption syndrome

39
Q

appearance of Schatzki ring is associated with a____ hernia

A

sliding

40
Q

the fewest GI tumors of both malagnant and benign occur in the

A

sm bowel

41
Q

which of the following are true of colon cancer

  1. the majority of adenocarcinomas of the colon occur in the rectosigmoid area
  2. the appearance of “apple coar” lesion is indicicative of colon cancer
  3. adenomatous polyps may develop into adenocarcinoma of the colon
A

all are correct
majority of adenocarcinomas of the colon occur in the rectosigmaoid area
the apperance of “apple coar” lesion is sign of colon cancer
adenomatous polyps may develop into adenocarcinoma of the colon

42
Q

twisting of the bowel about the mesenteric base refers to

A

volvulus

43
Q

the condition in which a gallstone erodes from the gallbladder and creates a fistula to the small bowel is

A

gallstone ileus

44
Q

two primary types of esophageal diverticula

A

pulsion

tractoin

45
Q

pulsion diverticulum

A

involves only mucosa
results from motility disorder of the esophagus, allows for herniation
occurs in the upper and lower

46
Q

pulsion diverticulum subtypes

A

zenker diverticulum- pharyngoesophageal junction at the upper end of the esophagus on the posterior aspect just abouve the cricopharyngeal m

killian-jameson occurs in the lateral aspect of the esophagus

epiphrenic diverticulum- distal esophagus just above the hemidiaghpram

47
Q

complications of esophageal diverticulum

A

obstruction of esophagus due to secretions or food stuck in diverticula

DMIS 1105 post midterm (3 decks)

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