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Abdominopelvic Sono > GI System > Flashcards

GI System Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

The GI system is also known as the what?

A

alimentary canal

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2
Q

What is the origin of the alimentary canal?

A

mouth

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3
Q

what is located behind the nose, mouth, and larynx

A

pharynx

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4
Q

The esophagus begins at the level of what C-spine

A

6th

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5
Q

What is a serous membrane that covers the abdominal and pelvic viscera or internal organs and lines the walls of the abdomen and pelvis?

A

peritoneum

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6
Q

Which peritoneum lines the walls

A

parietal peritoneum

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7
Q

which peritoneum covers the organs

A

visceral peritoneum

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8
Q

In females the peritoneal cavity is open and divided into what

A

greater and lesser sacs

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9
Q

The lesser sac communicates with the the greater sac through an oval window opening called the what

A

epiploic foramen or foramen of Winslow

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10
Q

Name the intraperitoneal organs

A

Stomach
appendix
liver
transverse colon
duodenum
small intestines (jejunum, ileum)
pancreas (tail)
rectum (upper third)
spleen
sigmoid colon
SALTD SPRSS

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11
Q

Name the retroperitoneal organs

A

suprarenal glands
aorta/ivc
duodenum (2nd and 4th parts)
pancreas
ureters
colon(asc and desc)
kidneys
esophagus
rectum
SAD PUCKER

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12
Q

What hands down from the greater curvature of the stomach

A

greater omentum

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13
Q

what suspends the lesser curvature of the stomach from the fissure of the ligamentum venosum

A

lesser omentum

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14
Q

The stomach is suspended within what

A

perioneal cavity

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15
Q

What three parts is the small intestine/bowel divided into

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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16
Q

What is the shortest part of the small intestine

A

duodenum

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17
Q

What four parts is the duodenum divided into

A

duodenal bulb
descending
transverse
ascending

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18
Q

What begins at the pylorus and ends at the medial side of the neck of the GB, posterior to the left lobe of the liver

A

duodenal bulb

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19
Q

What is retroperitoneal and runs posteriorly

A

descending duodenum

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20
Q

what is held in place by the suspensory ligament (ligament of Treite) , a fibromuscular band that courses toward the left from the right crus of diaphragm

A

ascending duodenum

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21
Q

The transverse duodenum beings to the right of what lumbar vertebra

A

fourth

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22
Q

The large bowel is divided into what six parts

A

cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon, rectum, anus

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23
Q

What is the normal measurement of the pharynx

A

10 cm

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24
Q

what is the normal measurement of the esophagus

A

23 cm

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25
what is the normal measurement of the stomach
25-30 cm (10 cm diam, 2-4 L capacity)
26
what is the normal measurement of the small intestine
Total: 6 m (4cm diam) Duodenum: 2.5 cm Jejunum: 2.3 m Ileum: 3.5 m
27
What is the normal measurement of the large intestine
2 m
28
What is the nomrla measurement of the duodenum and its 4 parts
Total: 25 cm Bulb: 3-5 cm Desc.: 10 cm Trans: 2.5-5 cm Asc.: 2.5-5cm
29
What is the normal measurement of the pyloric canal
2-3 cm (4 cm diameter)
30
What is the most muscular structure of the GI tract
esophagus
31
The outer layer of the esophagus is composed of ____ and the inner layer is composed of ____
longitudinal fibers; circular axis
32
The stomach is divided into what three parts
fundus, body, pylorus
33
The pylorus is divided into what three parts
antrum, pyloric canal, pyloric sphincter
34
The ligamentous structures of the mesentery that support the stomach include the three parts of the greater omentum which are:
gastrophrenic ligament, gastrocolic ligament, gastrosplenic ligament
35
the muscularis propria is a two-layer muscular structure composing the what
small bowel
36
what is the most proximal portion of the small bowel
duodenum
37
what are large folds of the mucous membrane that project into the lumen of the bowel and serve to retard the passage of food and provide a greater absorbing area
valvulae conniventes (valves of Kerckring)
38
why does the colon have a segmented appearance
haustra
39
what are small pouches caused by sacculation that serve to move contents through the colon
haustra
40
what supplies the small and large intestines
celiac, superior, and Inferior mesenteric arteries
41
what supplies the large intestine from the left border of the transverse colon to the rectum
IMA
42
The primary functions of the GI tract are what
digestion and absorption
43
What is the largest endocrine organ of the body
GI tract
44
What endocrine hormone is released from the stomach and stimulates the secretion of gastric acid
gastrin
45
what is released by the presence of fat in the intestine and serves to regulate GB contraction and gastric emptying
cholecystokinin
46
what is released from the small bowel, "nature's antacid"
secretin
47
what are the two major functions of the esophagus
transport food from mouth to the stomach prevention of reflux of the GI contents
48
Where does absorption of all major food products take place
small bowel
49
The following are broken down into what (respectively) Carbohydrates Proteins Fats
monosaccarides and disaccharides peptides and amino acids monoglycerides and fatty acids
50
Visualization of the bowel can be impeded by what
air
51
When do peritoneal coverings and folds of the intestine tend to stick together
during infectious processes
52
what are characteristic appearances of sonography where up to five layers can be visualized
gut signature
53
layers of fibrous muscle bands that help move intestinal contents forward
peristalsis
54
wall thickness up to what measurement is generally regarded as the upper limit of normal
7mm
55
The esophagus has what kind of sono appearance
bulls-eye
56
Enlargement of the left lobe of the liver will displace the stomach how
posterior
57
splenic enlargement tends to displace the stomach how
medially
58
a fluid-filled stomach appears anechoic with bright walls and therefore may simulate a what
cystic mass
59
gas in the duodenum may mimic what in the pancreas or what of the gallbladder
mass lesions or pseudomasses in the pancreas or a stone-filled gallbladder
60
what part of the duodenum is the only bowel segment to extend posterior to the SMA and the SMV
third part
61
What puch is formed by the peritoneum covering the anterior surface of the rectum and extending to the uterine surface
rectouterine pouch or the pouch of douglas or the posterior cul-de-sac
62
What occurs with infiltration, inflammation, edma, or tumor growth
thickening of the bowel wall
63
the most common cancer of the colon is what
primary adenocarcinoma
64
what is caused by inflammation, associated with "pseudokidney sign", or "doughnut sign"
ulceration of bowel
65
what is a bowel abnormality that occurs when a proximal bowel segment invaginates into the lumen of a distal bowel segment called (___)
intussusception, intussuscipiens
66
what may indent or displace the bowel
serosal inflammation
67
what occurs when bowel is obstruted and when ileus occurs
dilated bowel
68
what prevents gas from passing through the GI tract and builds up prox to the obstructed loop
obstructed bowel
69
what is a narrowing of the passage in the bowel
stenosis
70
what is frequently associated with malposition of the SMA and SMV and the detection of varices
malrotation of the bowel
71
what includes the evaluation of varices generally located in the EG junction
esophageal and gastric lesions
72
what is the remains of the prenatal yolk stalk projecting form the side of the ileum
Meckel diverticulum

Abdominopelvic Sono (1 decks)

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