GI system

Question 1

What are the 7 functions digestive functions

Answer 1

1. ingestion (complex foods by eating) 2. digestion (breaking down complex nutrients into simple nutrients) 3. Motility (movement of nutrients through digestive system 4. Secretion (placement of dig. enzymes into dig. system to break down complex molecules) 5. Absorption (movement of nutrients from lumen of dig. tract through GI mucosa and into body 6. Elimination- removal/excretion of material that is not absorbed to make room for material upstream 7. Regulation- control of 6 previous processes

Question 2

Parietal peritoneum

Answer 2

lines entire abdominal cavity

Question 3

visceral peritoneum

Answer 3

forms outter coat of abdominal organs

Question 4

structure and function of reflections

Answer 4

visceral peritoneum extensions; bind abdominal organs together

Question 5

retroperitoneal space AKA and is located

Answer 5

extraperitoneal space; behind peritoneum

Question 6

retroperitoneal organs are

Answer 6

pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, urinary bladder, IVC, part of esophagus. part of duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum

Question 7

lesser omentum attaches from ____ to ______ & _____

Answer 7

liver; lesser curvature of stomach; first part of duodenum

Question 8

greater omentum

Answer 8

continuation of serosa of greater curvature of stomach and first part of deodenum to transverse colon

Question 9

5 reflections of paritoneum

Answer 9

1. lesser omentum 2. greater omentum 3. mesentery 4. transverse mesocolon 5. sigmoid mesocolon

Question 10

function of reflections of paritoneum

Answer 10

keeps everything in place with out damage

Question 11

GI tract consists of

Answer 11

stomach and intestines

Question 12

Alimentary canal 4 layers

Answer 12

1. innermost mucosal lining has 3 layers a. mucous epithelium; lamina propria, muscularis mucosae; 2. submucosal layer; 3. Musculay layer 4. Serosa (protection)

Question 13

alimentary canal mucous epithelium structure

Answer 13

ciliated simple columnar epithelium on basement membrane

Question 14

structure of submucosal layer

Answer 14

thicker than mucosa; connective tissue; carries main blood vessels that feed alimentary tube; glands that secrete mucus; parasympathetic nerves that form submucosal plexus (meissner’s plexus)

Question 15

intramural plexus

Answer 15

both submucosal plexus and myenteric plexus work together to operate contraction of smooth muscle and regulate secretion of glands.

Question 16

enteric nervous system

Answer 16

intramural plexus, dominated by parasympathetic NS

Question 17

serosa aka

Answer 17

visceral layer of peritoneum

Question 18

What are the two types of movement of digestive material

Answer 18

1. peristalsis 2. segmentation

Question 19

peristalsis is

Answer 19

wavelike, unidirectional movement, reflex contractions of smooth muscle through bolus stretching and relaxation in front of bolus

Question 20

segmentation is

Answer 20

kneading, mixing movement, digestive reflex, mechanically break don, mixes food with digestive juices, brings food in contact with intestinal mucosa

Question 21

local factors control of dig. function

Answer 21

effect peristalsis and segmentation: pH, fat present, partially digested proteins

Question 22

neural mechanism control of dig. function

Answer 22

motility and secretion by glands in alimentary cnal

Question 23

hormonal mechanism control of dig. function

Answer 23

histamines, prostaglandins

Question 24

beginning of the alimentary canal

Answer 24

mouth

Question 25

4 functions of the mouth

Answer 25

1. sensory analysis 2. mechanical processing 3. lubrication 4. limited digestion of carbs and lipids

Question 26

oral mucosa consists of

Answer 26

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (protection regions subjected to abrasions) & non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (lips lining of cheeks, underside of tongue)