GI terms

Question 1

Retching

Answer 1

peristalsis of stomach and esophagus conducted with a closed glottis

Question 2

Rumination

Answer 2

chewing and swallowing of food that is regurgitated volitionally after meals

Question 3

Eructation

Answer 3

espulsion of swallowed air… burping

Question 4

singultus

Answer 4

hiccups

Question 5

borborygmi

Answer 5

rumbling noise caused by propulsion of gas thorugh the intestines

Question 6

Tenesmus

Answer 6

ineffectual and painful straining at stool

Question 7

Encopresis

Answer 7

repeatedly having bowel movements in places other than the toilet after the age when that shouldn’t happen

Question 8

Phlegmon

Answer 8

diffuse inflammation of the soft or connective tissue due to infection (acute pancreatitis)

Question 9

MRCP

Answer 9

magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatopgraphy

Question 10

ERCP

Answer 10

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatiography

Question 11

EUS

Answer 11

endoscopic ultrasound

Question 12

anasarca

Answer 12

general accumulation of serous fluid in various tissues and body cavities

Question 13

SAAG

Answer 13

Serum-ascites albumin gradient= serum albumin minus ascitic fluid albumin

Question 14

Pyrosis

Answer 14

substernal burning sensation…. heartburn

Question 15

dyspepsia

Answer 15

postprandial epigastric discomfort

Question 16

cholestasis

Answer 16

stoppage of bile flow

Question 17

globus pharyngeus

Answer 17

foreign body sensation localized in the neck that does not interfere with swallowing and sometimes is releived by swallowing…..

• often occurs in the setting of anxiety or obsessive compulsive disorders
• often attributable to GERD

Question 18

senescence

Answer 18

the process of growing old

Question 19

Virchow node

Answer 19

intra-abdominal malignancy mets to left supraclavicular lymph node

Question 20

Sister mary joseph nodule

Answer 20

malignant intra abdominal neoplasm metastatic to the umbilicus

Question 21

Krukenberg tumor

Answer 21

gastric carcinoma mets to the ovary

Question 22

blumer shelf

Answer 22

a firm lump felt in the perirectal puch on rectal examination
-it is a rare physical finding in patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach

Question 23

Grey turner sign

Answer 23

flank ecchymosis secondary to intra-abdominal hemorrhage

Question 24

Cullen sign

Answer 24

ecchymosis around the umbilicus secondary to intra abdominal hemorrhage

Question 25

what does rebound tenderness mean

Answer 25

peritoneal inflammation

Question 26

Rosving's sign

Answer 26

Pain in the RLQ during left-sided pressure- referred rebound tenderness seen in appendicitis

Question 27

McBurney's Point

Answer 27

rebound tenderness or pain 1/3 of the distance from the ASIS to the umbilicus- may suggest appendicitis/peritoneal irritation

Question 28

Murphy sign

Answer 28

palpate deeply under right costal margin during inspiration and observe for pain and or sudden stop in inspiratory effort -tests for acute cholecystitis or cholelithiasis

Question 29

Courvoisier's sign

Answer 29

enlarged non-tender gallbladder secondary to pancreatic disease or cancer

Question 30

Iliopsoas muscle test

Answer 30

have the patient flex their hip against your resistance- incrased abdominal pain is a positive test -this suggests irritation of the psoas muscle from inflammation of the appendix

Question 31

obturator muscle test

Answer 31

flex pts right hip and internally rotate, if it hurts, it's from appendicits

Question 32

Trousseau sign

Answer 32

sign of tetany, inflate BP cuff and wrist flexes, sign of hypocalcemia

Question 33

Trousseau syndrome/sign of malignancy

Answer 33

migrating thrombophlebitis/DVT in respect to CA (pancreatic)

Question 34

Chvostek sign

Answer 34

tetany, tap of facial nerve and get facial twitching, sign of hypocalcemia

Question 35

Parasympathetics in the GI tract

Answer 35

Upper part from esoph thru transverse colon- OA, AA (vagus n.) Lower part from descending colon to sigmoid to rectum- S2-4 (pelvic splanchnic n.)

Question 36

Appendix sympathetic

Answer 36

T12

Question 37

Esophagus sympathetic

Answer 37

T2-8

Question 38

Stomach sympathetic

Answer 38

T5-9

Question 39

Sympathetics to Liver and gallbladder

Answer 39

T6-9

Question 40

Sympathetics to small intestine

Answer 40

T9-11

Question 41

Sympathetics to colon

Answer 41

T10-L2

Question 42

Sympathetics to pancreas

Answer 42

T5-11