GI tract 1

Question 1

what are the 3 layers of the oral cavity superficial to deep?

Answer 1

1. epithelial: non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
2. Loose Connective tissue: lamina propria
3. layers of skeletal muscle or bone

Question 2

where in the oral cavity is the third layer NOT muscle?

a) cheeks
b) gingiva
c) soft palate
d) lips

Answer 2

b) gingiva

third layer here is bone as well as in the hard palate

Question 3

The tongue is 1) made up of skeletal muscle which its fibers run only longitudinally and 2) has papillae and taste buds only on the dorsal side.

a) 1 is true and 2 is false
b) 2 is true and 1 is false
c) both are true
d) both are false

Answer 3

b) 2 is true and 1 is false

it has muscle fibers running in several directions

Question 4

Which is INCORRECT about Filiform papillae?

a) contain taste buds
b) finger-like in shape
c) partially keratinized
d) scrape food off the surface of the tongue
e) all are correct

Answer 4

a) contain taste buds

Question 5

Which is INCORRECT about Fungiform papillae?

a) are shaped like mushrooms
b) non keratinized
c) contains taste buds
d) contains glands of von Ebner
e) all are correct

Answer 5

d) contains glands of von Ebner

only apply to Circumvallate papillae

Question 6

Which is INCORRECT about Circumvallate papillae?

a) smallest of the papilla
b) contains glands of von Ebner
c) surrounded by clefts/moats of saliva
d) all are correct

Answer 6

a) smallest of the papilla

Question 7

ameloblasts are responsible for the production of what?

a) cementum
b) enamel
c) dentin
d) tooth pulp
e) more than one of these

Answer 7

b) enamel

Question 8

odontoblasts are responsible for the production of what?

a) cementum
b) enamel
c) dentin
d) tooth pulp
e) more than one of these

Answer 8

c) dentin

more accurately, predentin

Question 9

Which is INCORRECT about the periodontal ligament?

a) made of dense connective tissue
b) formed from the periosteum of the alveolar bone
c) allows movement for mastication
d) low rate of protein turnover

Answer 9

d) low rate of protein turnover

has a high rate… no idea what that means

Question 10

which one of these closely resemble to cancellous bone?

a) cementum
b) enamel
c) dentin
d) tooth pulp
e) more than one of these

Answer 10

a) cementum

Question 11

T or F

Since ameloblasts or on the outside, once the enamel is laid down, the cells die.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What are the four layers of the GI tract?

Answer 12

1. mucosa
2. submucosa
3. muscularis externa
4. serosa or adventitia

Question 13

Which is INCORRECT about the mucosa?

a) made up of epithelial cells and an underlaying lamina
b) mostly stratified squamous epithelium
c) contains the muscularis mucosa
d) secretion of protective mucus, enzymes and ions that regulate pH

Answer 13

b) mostly stratified squamous epithelium

only in the esophagus

Question 14

what layer of the GI tract does this best describe:
nerve plexuses, collagen fibers, large blood vessels, mucus glands and lymphoid nodules

a) mucosa
b) submucosa
c) muscularis externa
d) adventitia
e) lamina of mucosa

Answer 14

b) submucosa

nerve plexuses are also in the muscularis externa so be careful

Question 15

Which is CORRECT about the muscularis mucosae?

a) seperates submucosa from muscularis externa
b) only in the stomach
c) allows movement of the mucosa without involving the submucosa and muscularis externa
d) part of the submucosa

Answer 15

c) allows movement of the mucosa without involving the submucosa and muscularis externa

seperates submucosa from mucosa

starts in the esophagus

is part of the mucosa

Question 16

how is the esophagus different that the rest of the GI tract?

a) has smooth muscle
b) covered by serosa
c) has mucus glands in its submucosa
d) mucosa is stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 16

d) mucosa is stratified squamous epithelium

all have smooth muscle

covered by adventitia since its not in the abdomen

duodenum also has mucus glands in its submucosa [brunner’s glands] (but still a good indicator)

Question 17

broken down food is absorbed in 1) ______
whereas water and electrolytes are absorbed in 2) _______.

a) 1) small and large intestines 2) large intestines
b) 1) small intestines 2) large intestines
c) 1) small intestines 2) small and large intestines

Answer 17

b) 1) small intestines 2) large intestines

Question 18

Meissner’s plexus 1) otherwise known as submucosal nerve plexus, 2) innervates the muscularis mucosae and
secretory epithelial cells.

a) 1 is true and 2 is false
b) 2 is true and 1 is false
c) both are true
d) both are false

Answer 18

c) both are true

Question 19

Auerbach’s plexus

a) otherwise known as myenteric plexus
b) control of peristalsis
c) resides in between submucosa and muscularis externa

Answer 19

c) resides in between submucosa and muscularis externa

in between the inner circular and outer longitudinal of the muscularis externa

Question 20

how does the cardia of the stomach differ from the rest of the GI tract?

a) mixed with skeletal muscle
b) has an oblique inner layer of muscle
c) has submucosal glands
d) has serosa
e) more than one of these

Answer 20

b) has an oblique inner layer of muscle

d) is true but doesnt make it different

Question 21

T or F

The pyloric sphincter is made up of thickened outer longitudinal muscle fibers of the muscularis externa.

Answer 21

False

The middle circular layer is thickened to form the pyloric sphincter.
(remember the oblique layer is the inner in the stomach thus shifting circular to middle)

Question 22

T or F

the large intestine’s outer longitudinal muscle layer is condensed into 3 bands which when constricted, create haustrae.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

1) the internal anal sphincter is made up of skeletal muscle and 2) the external sphincter is made up of smooth muscle.

a) 1 is true and 2 is false
b) 2 is true and 1 is false
c) both are true
d) both are false

Answer 23

d) both are false

vice versa

Question 24

which one DOES NOT contain a serosal layer?

a) stomach
b) small and large intestine
c) rectum
d) esophagus
e) more than one of these

Answer 24

e) more than one of these

rectum
esophagus

Question 25

1)The upper portion of the esophagus is skeletal muscle and contains mucosal glands whereas 2) the lower portion contains smooth muscle and no mucosal glands. a) 1 is true and 2 is false b) 2 is true and 1 is false c) both are true d) both are false

Answer 25

a) 1 is true and 2 is false lower portion as glands as well

Question 26

T or F The epithelial lining of the stomach is simple columnar which secretes a protective coating of proteoglycans.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

which is not correct about the neck of glands of the stomach? a) contains undifferentiated stem cells b) contains Parietal cells c) contains Chief cells d) contains Enteroendocrine cells e) is long in the fundus and body of the stomach

Answer 27

e) is long in the fundus and body of the stomach short neck and long glands is the general idea mucus neck cells are also in the neck (obviously)

Question 28

which does not match? a) Mucous neck cells= proteoglycans b) parietal cells= more proximal and eosinophilic c) chief cells= more distal and basophilic d) Parietal cells= hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor e) Enteroendocrine cells= small polypeptide hormones f) all are correct

Answer 28

f) all are correct

Question 29

which is INCORRECT about parietal cells? a) large, pale, and round or pyramidal in shape b) one or two centrally located nuclei c) acidophilic cytoplasm d) Located predominantly in the lower part of the body of the gastric glands e) has deep invaginations making intracellular canaliculus

Answer 29

d) Located predominantly in the lower part of the body of the gastric glands UPPER part

Question 30

1) The pylorus' pits are long and glands are short 2) which contains many lysozomes thus staining with PAS. a) 1 is true and 2 is false b) 2 is true and 1 is false c) both are true d) both are false

Answer 30

c) both are true

Question 31

which is not involved in increasing the surface area of the small intestines? a) intracellular canaliculus b) microvilli c) villi d) plicae circulares e) all are involved

Answer 31

a) intracellular canaliculus

Question 32

Regarding the small intestines, folds of the _______ make plicae circulares. folds of the _______ make villi. folds of the _______ make microvilli. a) submucosa - mucosa - surface of the absorptive cells b) mucosa - mucosa and submucosa - surface of the absorptive cells c) mucosa and submucosa - mucosa - surface of the absorptive cells d) mucosa - submucosa - surface of the absorptive cells

Answer 32

c) mucosa and submucosa - mucosa - surface of the absorptive cells folds of the mucosa and submucosa make plicae circulares. folds of the mucosa (epithelia and lamina) make villi. folds of the surface of the absorptive cells make microvilli.

Question 33

Which is incorrect regarding Crypts of Lieberkühn? a) theyre otherwise known as intestinal glands b) layer of cells above the brush border c) part of the mucosa d) mostly consists of absorptive cells e) all are correct

Answer 33

b) layer of cells above the brush border Cells of Crypts of Lieberkühn's microvilli make up the brush border

Question 34

Which is incorrect regarding striate border? a) cells are simple columnar b) covered by glycocalyx c) increases surface area of the lumen d) cells have a basally placed nucleus e) all are correct

Answer 34

e) all are correct

Question 35

which best describes the location of goblet cells in the small intestines? a) in the submucosa b) above the striate border c) in between cells of the brush border cells d) spinal

Answer 35

c) in between cells of the brush border cells

Question 36

which one of these are found in the intestines AND stomach? a) parietal cells b) paneth cells c) enteroendocrine cells d) goblet cells e) none of these f) more than one of these

Answer 36

c) enteroendocrine cells

Question 37

Which location in incorrectly paired with the corresponding cell in the intestinal glands? a) Enteroendocrine cells = interspersed between the absorptive cells and the goblet cells b) Paneth cells= base of each intestinal gland c) M cells = over lymphoid nodules d) Undifferentiated stem cells= upper 1/3 to 1/2 of the intestinal glands

Answer 37

d) Undifferentiated stem cells= upper 1/3 to 1/2 of the intestinal glands UPPER the only intestinal gland cell in the lower portion is the paneth cell

Question 38

match the intestinal gland cell with its corresponding function 1) Enteroendocrine cells 2) Paneth cells 3) M cells 4) Undifferentiated stem cells a) secrete lysozyme to control bacteria b) assist in immunity c) secrete hormones such as secretin, cholecystokinin d) precursor to intestinal gland cells

Answer 38

1) Enteroendocrine = c) secrete hormones such as secretin, cholecystokinin 2) Paneth cells = a) secrete lysozyme to control bacteria 3) M cells = b) assist in immunity 4) Undifferentiated stem cells = d) precursor to intestinal gland cells

Question 39

which is true about the small intestines? a) inner layer of muscularis externa is oblique b) has Brunner glands in its duodenum c) covered by adventitia d) lacking Peyers Patch

Answer 39

b) has Brunner glands in its duodenum brunners glands are otherwise known as submucosal glands oblique layer is in the stomach covered my serosa since its in the peritoneum and ileum has loads of Peyers Patch

Question 40

which is true about the large intestines? a) well defines brush border b) main site of food absorption c) completely surrounded by outer longitudinal muscle d) has submucosal glands e) none are true

Answer 40

e) none are true no brush border food is absorbed in the small intestines outer longitudinal muscle is condensed into the taenia coli and submucosal glands are only in the duodenum and esophagus