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Pharmacology Final > GI Tract > Flashcards

GI Tract Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

7 factors that decrease esophageal closure

A

Fats, chocolate, alcohol, peppermint, acidic beverages, red wine, carbonated drinks

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2
Q

4 H2 receptor blockers

A

Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine

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3
Q

Cimetidine

A

Inhibits p450

Anti-androgenic

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4
Q

What 3 H2 receptor blockers are metabolized in the liver

A

Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine

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5
Q

Side effects of H2 receptor blockers - 2

A

Bradycardia, confusion in elderly

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6
Q

Inhibitors of H+ formation

A

PRAZOLES

Omeprazole

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7
Q

Mechanism of inhibitors of H+ formation

A

Inhibits ATPase required to drive proton pump

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8
Q

What are inhibitors of H+ formation activated by

A

Prodrugs activated by acid

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9
Q

Are inhibitors of H+ formation acids or bases, strong or weak

A

Weak bases that stay in parietal cells

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10
Q

Side effects of inhibitors of H+ formation - 2

A

Hyperchlorhydria: lack of H+ production -> decreased Ca absorption -> osteoporosis
Decreased vitamin B12 absorption

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11
Q

Mechanism of antacids

A

Neutralize the acid

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12
Q

Systemic alkalinization

A

If cation is readily absorbed, then more anion can be absorbed

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13
Q

Order of cation absorbability

A

Na»Ca>Mg>Al

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14
Q

Na: form, speed, duration, neutralizing effect

A

NaHCO3, rapid, short, high

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15
Q

Ca: form, speed, duration, neutralizing effect

A

CaCO3, rapid, medium, high

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16
Q

Mg: form, speed, duration, neutralizing effect

A

Al(OH)3, slow, long, low

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17
Q

Al: form, speed, duration, neutralizing effect

A

Mg(OH)2, slow, medium, high

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18
Q

Sucralfate mechanism

A

Complex that when exposed to H+ becomes very viscous and binds to damaged mucosa
Not systemically absorbed

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19
Q

Sucralfate side effect

A

Excess Al absorption

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20
Q

What shouldn’t sucralfate be taken with and why

A

H+ depleters because it won’t be activated

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21
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate mechanism

A

Can increase mucous production in stomach and inhibit pylori growth

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22
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate side effects - 2

A

Darkening of feces with extended use

Unpleasant taste/odor in mouth

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23
Q

Misoprostol mechanism

A

Replaces PG-E lost after use of NSAIDs and GCs

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24
Q

Misoprostol side effect

A

Abortificient - increases uterine contractility

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25
What combo of antibiotics are used for H pylori infections
Metronidazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, tetracycline
26
Metoclopramide mechanism
DA, 5HT antagonist that increase motility without increasing gastric secretion
27
Metoclopramide side effects - 3
Sedation, depression, Parkinsons-like symptoms
28
Erythromycin mechanism
Acts directly on motilin receptors
29
Erythromycin side effects - 4
Ototoxicity, pseudomembranous colitis, arrthymia, inhibits p450
30
Alvimopan mechanism
Blocks opiate receptor in gut
31
2 stool softener cathartics
Dioctal sodium sulfosuccinate and mineral oil
32
Dioctal sodium sulfosuccinate mechanism
Detergent that emulsifies colon contents
33
3 reasons we don't use mineral oil
Won't absorb fat-soluble vitamins Aspiration pneumonia Carcinogens
34
4 bulk-adding agent cathartics
Bran, methylcellulose, polybarbophil, psyllium
35
4 gastric irritant cathartics
Cascara, senna, castor oil, bisocodyl
36
Gastric irritant mechanism
Increases gastric motility and electrolyte secretion into gut
37
Gastric irritant side effects - 2
Nephritis and liver damage
38
3 osmotic agent cathartics
MgSO4, Mg(OH)2, polyethylene glycol
39
2 secretion enhancer cathartics
Lubiprostone, linaclotide
40
Lubiprostone mechanism
Acts on PG receptor to activate Cl channel in intestine - increases Cl and H20 secretion into gut
41
Linaclotide mechanism
Activates guanylate cyclase - increases Cl secretion into gut
42
Secretion enhancer side effect
Diarrhea
43
4 adverse effects of cathartics
Fluid imbalances - K loss Mucosal injury Malabsorption of nutrients Suppress normal reflex function
44
4 antidiarrheal narcotic agents
Codeine, diphenoxylate, difenoxin, loperamide
45
Where does diphenoxylate primarily act and what drug is it given with
Acts primarily in gut and given with atropine to decrease abuse
46
Why doesn't loperamide have opiate-like effect in CNS
Doesn't cross BBB
47
Antidiarrheal absorbing agent
Bismuth subsalicylate
48
Bismuth subsalicylate mechanism
Binds bacterial toxins
49
3 antidiarrheal anticholinergic agents
Atropine, scopolamine, crofelemer
50
Why is there limited utility with anticholinergic agents
Multiple systemic side effects
51
Crofelemer mechanism
Blocks Cl channels in gut
52
2 miscellaneous antidiarrheals
Simethicone, alpha galactosidase
53
Simethicone mechanism
Changes gas surface tension of gas pockets
54
Alpha galactosidase mechansim
Increases metabolism of gas-producing oligosaccharides to digestible sugars
55
4 salicylates used for inflammatory bowel disorders
Sulfasalazine, mesalamine, olsalazine, balsalazide | SALAs
56
Salicylate mechanism
Decrease PG synthesis in gut
57
Salicylate composition and mode of entry
All have 5 amino salicylate | Oral - not sytemic
58
Salicylate side effect
Diarrhea
59
2 GCs used for inflammatory bowel disorders
Prednisone, budesonide
60
Infliximab use and mechanism
Used for inflammatory bowel disorders | Binds to TNF
61
Infliximab side effects - 2
Infections, response to Ab
62
2 other immunosuppressants used for inflammatory bowel disorders
Methotrexate, cyclosporine
63
Ipecac
Reflex stimulant to induce vomiting
64
Ipecac side effect
Cardiotoxic
65
2 central stimulants emetics
Apomorphine, digoxin
66
4 antihistamines anti emetics
diphenhydramine, dimenhydramine, meclizine, cyclizine
67
Anticholinergic anti emetic
Scopolamine patch
68
Scopolamine side effects - 3
Dry mouth, drowsiness, visual disturbances
69
2 THC derivative anti emetics
Dronabinol, nabilone
70
2 DA blocker anti emetics
Compazine, aphenothiazine
71
Compazine side effect
Extrapyramidal
72
5HT receptor blocker anti emetics
Ondansetron | SETRON Selective TeRminators Of Nausea
73
2 uses for SETRONs
Irritable bowel syndrome - treats diarrhea | Chemotherapy
74
SETRON side effect
Constipation

Pharmacology Final (1 decks)

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