GI tract

Question 1

Digestive tract major functions

Answer 1

This is what helps our body get nutrients and break down food-

1) digestes
2) absorbs
3) eliminates

Question 2

4 major tissues in body

Answer 2

Epithelial layer- provides protective layer on body’s surface as well as winning internal organs, ducts and cavities
connective: glue that hold body together
muscle- skeletal, smooth and cardica, specializes in movement
neural- communication via nerves. brain spinal cord and nerves

Question 3

Muscosa

Answer 3

Mucosa- protection and secretions, mainley in epithelial cells, 2-3 days of life, food comes in contact, innermost

Question 4

Submucosa

Answer 4

under the mucosa, rich supply of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and network of nerves

Question 5

Muscularis

Answer 5

2 layers: move food one track to another is the mixing of food mass with digestive secretions

Question 6

Serosa

Answer 6

Covers it all, protection and lubrication

Question 7

Muscle layers of GI tract

Answer 7

Circular- contracts and relaxes creates segments along the intestine
Longitudinal- contracts and relaxes after circular allows food to travel

Question 8

Lumen

Answer 8

cavity inside a tubular structure in the body

Question 9

Bolus

Answer 9

soft moist mass of chewed food

Question 10

Chyme

Answer 10

thick fluid resulting form mixing of food with gastric secretions in stomach

Question 11

Epiglottis

Answer 11

cartilage flap covering trachea while swallowing

Question 12

Enterocytes

Answer 12

epithelial cells that make up lumens surface of each villus

Question 13

Digestion

Answer 13

physical and chemical breakdown of food by the digestive system into a form that allows nutrients to be absorbed

Question 14

Types of mechanical digestion

Answer 14

• Chewing/ mastication
• Peristalsis- pushing towards, lose contractions and relaxed, vigiours
• Segmenations- moves back and further, circular motions contrant and relax creates choppy motion. slower

Question 15

Saliva

Answer 15

mouth, mastication and mucus, starts the process and salivary glands

Question 16

Gastric juices

Answer 16

stomach tells their is food and tell them to produce more. produced by exclaimer cells made up of pits

Question 17

Pancreatic juice

Answer 17

pancreas, neutrializes chyme and contains enzymes need for carbs, protein and lipid digestion

Question 18

Bile

Answer 18

liver, recreation needed for lipids digestion but gallbladder stores and releases

Question 19

Intestinal juice

Answer 19

surrounds cells- chyme enters small intestine by decrease in gastric motility and secretion of gastric juice

Question 20

Bile Duct

Answer 20

conveys bile from the liver to gallbladder to the duodenum

Function: empties out small intestine and helps digest fat from foods

Question 21

Mouth

Answer 21

chews food, takes, moisten with saliva. releases starch. start of process

Question 22

Esophagus

Answer 22

lubration of mucus, carries food, liquids and salvia from the mouth to the stomach. muscular tube connecting pharynx with stomach- gastrocepohagel sphincter

Question 23

Stomach

Answer 23

Stores, mix and dissolves. secretes and releases pepin, regulates and emptying into small intestine, secretes acid and enzymes

Question 24

Small intestine

Answer 24

chemical digestion and nutrient absorption contains duodenum and ileum regulated by hormones, pancreatic juice and bile

Question 25

Lining of small intestine

Answer 25

Villi, Entrocytes, Microvilli

Question 26

Large Intestine

Answer 26

Absorption of water, minerals and waste material. storage of elimination

Question 27

Gastroesphagel sphincter

Answer 27

circular muscle that regulates flow of food between the ephagus and stomach

Question 28

Pyloric Sphincter

Answer 28

cicular muscle that regulates flow of food between stomach and duodenum

Question 29

Bacteria of colon

Answer 29

400 bacterias that digests cellulose activity to K, B12 and ribosomes. it protects from infection. healthy intestinal probation and prebiotic foods

Question 30

Pancreas, liver and gallbladder

Answer 30

pancreatic juice which is moved by the liver and gallbladder. the gall stores and moves bile and the liver creates the bile

Question 31

Absorption

Answer 31

taking up of nutrients after digestion into the enterocytes so they can be transported out of the body to cells

Question 32

Absorption occurs ?

Answer 32

it happens most in the small intestine

Question 33

How effective, surface area?

Answer 33

very effective, 95% of nutrients are absorbed and it can cover 1/2 or basketball court

Question 34

Villi

Answer 34

covers wall. lacerates and blood transports out- in-between the cells

Question 35

entrocytes

Answer 35

covering of villi, takes up nutrient

Question 36

microvilli-

Answer 36

also called brush boarder, traps the nutrients close to sites, draws towards

Question 37

What structures do nutrient exit from

Answer 37

the bastolateral membrane- circulates away by blood by lymph

Question 38

Portal

Answer 38

vili to portal vein to liver to hepatic vein to hearth and blood

Question 39

Lymph

Answer 39

villi to lymph vessel to thoaracic duct to subclavian vein to heart