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Pharmacology Exam 4 > GI Tract Drugs > Flashcards

GI Tract Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

non drug therapy

A

changing eating patterns (frequent small meals and reduce fluctuating pH)
avoid smoking
avoid use of NSAIDs and aspirin
decrease alcohol consumption
reduce stress/anxiety (no hard evidence)

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2
Q

antibiotic therapy examples

A

amoxicillin
clarithromycin (biaxin)
bismuth (pepto-bismol)
tetracycline
metronidazole (flagyl)

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3
Q

antibiotic therapy action

A

attack bacteria

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4
Q

antibiotic therapy use

A

infection from H Pylori

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5
Q

antibiotic therapy SE

A

nausea
diarrhea

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6
Q

antibiotic therapy consideration

A

2 or more are used for H pylori resistant

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7
Q

antibiotic therapy or education

A

finish the whole prescription

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8
Q

proton pump inhibitors examples

A

omeprazole (prilosec)
rabeprazole (acipnex)
pantoprazole (protonix)
esomeprazole (nexium)

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9
Q

proton pump inhibitors action

A

binds to and inhibits enzymes on parietal cell membrane and moderates acid secretion

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10
Q

proton pump inhibitors uses

A

PUD
GERD
esophagitis
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

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11
Q

proton pump inhibitors SE

A

n/v (minimal)

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12
Q

proton pump inhibitors considerations

A

complications on long term use (cancer)
long lasting action
interactions are similar to cimetidine

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13
Q

histamine2 receptor antagonists examples

A

(-tidine)
cimetidine (tagamet)
ranitidine (zantac)
famotidine (pepcid)
nizatidine (axid)

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14
Q

histamine2 receptor antagonists prototype action

A

cimetidine: reduces volume of gastric and hydrogen ions

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15
Q

histamine2 receptor antagonists prototype SE

A

cimetidine:
HA
drowsiness
confusion
antiandreogenic effects (gynecomastia and low sperm count)

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16
Q

histamine2 receptor antagonists uses

A

acid reflux
1st choice treatment

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17
Q

histamine2 receptor antagonists considerations

A

half eliminated by kidneys; rest metabolized by liver and excreted by kidneys
drug interactions (warfarin, theophylline, phenytoin —> seizures)
ranitidine and famotidine have similar action, but are more potent, and have less SE and drug interactions

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18
Q

histamine2 receptor antagonists pt education

A

avoid grapefruit juice (CP450)

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19
Q

ulcer coating drugs example

A

sucralfate (carafate)

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20
Q

ulcer coating drugs action

A

coating protects from damaging effects of stomach acid

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21
Q

ulcer coating drugs route

A

PO or suspension

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22
Q

ulcer coating drugs SE

A

constipation

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23
Q

ulcer coating drugs considerations

A

needs to be take without food or other medication (1 hour before meals or other meds)
only short term use

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24
Q

ulcer coating drugs pt education

A

do not take with foods or other meds

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25
antacids example
mylanta (prototype) (Mg compound) pepto bismol (alkaline compound)
26
antacids use
acid reflux PUD esophagitis
27
antacids action
neutralize stomach acid increase prostaglandin synthesis reduce pepsin activity (for pH >5)
28
antacids SE
constipation diarrhea high Na (electrolyte imbalances)
29
antacids considerations
contraindicated in renal patients poorly absorbed
30
what is misoprostol (cytotec)
synthetic form of prostaglandin E
31
misoprostol (cytotec) action
1. suppress acid 2. promote mucus secretion 3. maintain blood flow
32
misoprostol (cytotec) use
US: approved for prevention of gastric ulcers caused by long term use of NSAIDs Other countries: peptic ulcers not related to the use of NSAIDs
33
misoprostol (cytotec) adverse effects
diarrhea abdominal cramping
34
misoprostol (cytotec) considerations
do not use during pregnancy (fetal demise)
35
bismuth subsalicylate (pepto bismul) action
disrupts cell wall of H pylori inhibits prostaglandin synthesis to decrease GI motility
36
bismuth subsalicylate (pepto bismul) uses
diarrhea constipation heartburn
37
bismuth subsalicylate (pepto bismul) SE
discoloration of tongue (black tongue) darkened stool
38
bismuth subsalicylate (pepto bismul) considerations
not to be used with ASA (aspirin) allergy
39
laxatives versus cathartics
laxatives: promotes passage of stool by gradually softening it (slower/formed soft stool) cathartics: promotes elimination (faster/watery stool)
40
types of laxatives and cathartics
bulk-forming laxatives surfactant laxatives stimulant laxatives saline cathartics other: lactulose
41
bulk-forming laxatives example
methylcellulose (citrucel) psyllium (metamucil)
42
bulk-forming laxatives action
absorbs water to promote peristalsis
43
bulk-forming laxatives uses
can be used for diarrhea (more formed)
44
bulk-forming laxatives considerations
produces stool in 1-3 days mix metamucil with min of 240 mL of water
45
surfactant laxatives example
docusate sodium (colace)
46
surfactant laxatives action
softens stool by facilitating penetration of water into intestines
47
stimulant laxatives example
bisacodyl (suppository) castor oil senna
48
stimulant laxatives action
stimulates peristalsis and softens feces
49
saline cathartics example
magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia) polyethylene glycol (miralax) polyethylene glycol solution (CoLyte and GoLYTELY)
50
saline cathartics action
retains water and softens stool (causes fecal mass to swell)
51
saline cathartics considerations
works in 6-12 hours can cause loose watery stool
52
other laxatives: lactulose SE and considerations
SE: flatulence, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea considerations: poorly absorbed and more expensive
53
opiate-related antidiarrheal agents example
diphenoxylate with atropine (lomotil)
54
opiate-related antidiarrheal agents action
slows peristalsis
55
opiate-related antidiarrheal agents uses
mid-severe diarrhea
56
opiate-related antidiarrheal agents adverse effects
HA flushing increased HR dry mouth/throat
57
opiate-related antidiarrheal agents considerations
should not be used for specific diarrheal causes (cdiff) other drugs: paregoric or loperamide (demerol): synthetic form of meperidine (demerol) - discontinue after 48 hours (can cause arrhythmias)
58
antiemetics (antimuscarinics) example
scopolamine, related to atropine
59
antiemetics (antimuscarinics) route
patch
60
antiemetics (antimuscarinics) uses
motion sickness
61
antiemetics (antimuscarinics) SE
dry mouth blurred vision
62
phenothiazines for n/v example
antipsychotic promethazine (promethegan)
63
phenothiazines for n/v: antipsychotic action/uses
action: suppress CNS (decrease dopamine) uses: prevent chemo-induced N/V
64
phenothiazines for n/v: promethazine (promethegan) action
prototype action: blocks dopamine from receptor sites
65
antihistamine example
hydroxyzine (H2 receptor blocking agent)
66
antihistamine action
block action of ACh in the brain
67
antihistamine uses
nausea
68
antihistamine SE
CNS depression
69
antihistamine pt education
caution with operating machinery
70
5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists example
ondansetron (zofran)
71
5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists action
inhibit the activation of serotonin receptors
72
5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists route
IV or PO
73
5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists use
commonly used for post-op
74
5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists considerations
interactions: apomorphine, QT longing meds,
75
inflammatory bowel disease drug examples
glucocorticoids: decreases inflammation immunomodulators: moderated immune system aminosolicylates: sulfasalazine (azulfidine), mesalamine, olsalazine, balsalazide
76
what is sulfasalazine (azulfidine)
it is an aminosalicylate
77
sulfasalazine (azulfidine) action
one component works to reduce inflammation by prostaglandin suppression
78
sulfasalazine (azulfidine) uses
most effective for acute episodes of mild-moderate colitis (not severe)
79
sulfasalazine (azulfidine) SE
joint pain/discomfort

Pharmacology Exam 4 (3 decks)

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