Gilks Deck 3: AN, AUD, neuroanatomy etc. Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
what changes in vitals are seen in AN
A
bradycardia
hypotension
hypothermia
syncope
2
Q
what metabolic disturbance is seen on labs in AN
A
hypokalemia alkalosis
3
Q
what metabolic disturbance is seen on labs in BN
A
hypochloremic hypokalemia alkalosis
4
Q
is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:
sodium
A
low
5
Q
is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:
growth hormone
A
elevated
6
Q
is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:
estrogen
A
low
7
Q
is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:
magnesium
A
low
8
Q
is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:
cortisol
A
elevated
9
Q
is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:
TSH
A
elevated
10
Q
is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:
testosterone
A
low
11
Q
is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:
FSH, LH
A
low
12
Q
is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:
amylase
A
elevated
13
Q
is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:
betacarotene
A
elevated
14
Q
is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:
phosphate
A
low
15
Q
is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:
liver enzymes
A
elevated
16
Q
is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:
cholesterol
A
elevated
17
Q
is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:
zinc
A
low
18
Q
is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:
T3/T4
A
low
19
Q
what dermatological signs are there of AN
A
hair loss
lanugo hair
20
Q
what cardiac signs are there of AN
A
long Qtc
arrhythmia
heart failure
peripheral edema
21
Q
what GI signs are there of AN
A
constipation
bloating
22
Q
what GU signs are there of AN
A
amenorrhea
infertilify
23
Q
what CNS signs are there of AN
A
brain atrophy
cognitive impairment
seizure
death
24
Q
what is the mortality of AN
A
5-18%
25
what BMI is considered extreme AN in the DSM 5
under 15
26
what BMI is considered mild AN in the DSM 5
17-18.5
27
what BMI is considered moderate AN in the DSM 5
16-17
28
what BMI is considered severe in the DSM 5
15-16
29
list criteria to consider for hospital admission in AN
very low weight (less than 75% ideal body weight) or rapid weight loss
bradycardia below 40bpm
orthostatic changes (>20bpm or 20mmHg)
hypothermia
cardiac instability i.e QTc above 450ms, arrhythmia, ischemia, CHF
hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia, elevated Cr
seizure or stupor
psych emergency i.e SI
acute food refusal, uncontrolled binge/purge, pregnancy
30
what lab abnormalities would you expect to see in chronic AUD
1. increased prothrombin time
2. elevated AST and ALT in 2:1 AST:ALT ratio
3. elevated GGT
4. elevated CDT
5. anemia (from bone marrow suppression)
6. macrocytosis
7. electrolyte abnormality
31
what malignancies might you expect to see in patients with chronic AUD
breast, oropharynx, GI
32
what medical complications might you expect to see in chronic AUD
GERD
gastritis
esiphagitis
pancreatitis
liver cirrhosis
pneumonia
peripheral neuropathy
33
what psych complications might you expect in patients with chronic AUD
anxiety
depression
sleep disturbance
suicidality
34
what are the four areas that might be targeted for OCD neurosurgery
dorsal anterior cingulotomy
anterior capsulotomy
--
subcaudate tractotomy
limbic leukotomy
35
what four areas may be targeted by DBS for depression
subcallosal cingulate gyrus (most common)
ventral capsule/ventral striatum
nucleus accumbens
medial forebrain
36
in which part of the brain does Tourette's originate
basal ganglia
37
damage to what part of the brain results in Kluver-Bucy syndrome
medial temporal lobes
38
OCD is associated with hyperactivity in what part of the brain
DLPFC
39
what part of the brain is important in the reward pathways associated with addiction
nucleus accumbens
40
what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:
OCD
small caudate bilaterally
41
what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:
ADHD
reduced total brain volume
42
what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:
parkinsons
occipital hypoperfusion on FDG-PET
43
what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:
LBD
generalized cortical atrophy with SPARING of the medial temporal lobe
44
what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:
alzheimer's
tempoparietal hypoperfusion on PET
cortical atrophy
45
what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:
depression
amygdala hyepractivity on fMRI
hippocampal atrophy
46
what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:
PTSD
amygdala hyperactivity
(hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex also affected but not sure how)
47
what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:
schizophrenia
small hippocampus
decreased cortical volume/gray matter
enlarged ventricles
48
what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:
tourettes
neuronal loss/degeneration in subthalamic nucleus
49
what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:
wilson's
hyperintensity in basal ganglia on MRI
50
what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:
huntingtons
caudate atrophy
51
what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:
chronic alcoholism
atrophy of mamillary bodies
52
what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:
ASPD
prefrontal cortex hypoactivity
53
the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:
small caudate bilaterally
OCD
54
the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:
neuronal loss/degeneration in the subthalamic nucleus
tourettes
55
the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:
amygdala hyperactivity
either depression or PTSD
56
the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:
amygdala hyperactivity + hippocampal atrophy
depression
57
the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:
generalized cortical atrophy with sparing of medial temporal lobes
LBD
58
the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:
reduced total brain volume
ADHD
59
the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:
occipital hypoperfusion on FDG-PET
parkinsons
60
the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:
small hippocampus, decreased cortical volume/gray matter, enlarged ventricles
schizophrenia
61
the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:
prefrontal cortex hypoactivity
ASPD
62
the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:
caudate atrophy
huntingtons
63
the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:
atrophy of mamillary bodies
AUD
64
the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:
hyperintensity in basal ganglia on MRI
wilsons
65
list the cortical areas of the limbic system
cingulate cortex
orbitofrontal cortex
entorhinal cortex
hippocampus
fornix
66
list the subcortical areas of the limbic system
amygdala
67
list the diencephalic structures of the limbic system
hypothalamus
septal nuclei
mammillary bodies
anterior nuclei of the thalamus
68
what is the function of the following limbic system structure:
cingulate cortex
connects various structures via the cingulum, a nerve tract projecting from the cingulate gyrus to the entorhinal cortex
69
what is the function of the following limbic system structure:
orbitofrontal cortex
decision making
executive function
social cues
70
what is the function of the following limbic system structure:
entorhinal cortex
memory and associative components
71
what is the function of the following limbic system structure:
hippocampus
consolidation of new memories
72
what is the function of the following limbic system structure:
fornix
connects the hippocampus with the mammillary bodies and septal nuclei
73
what is the function of the following limbic system structure:
amygdala
emotional processing
74
what is the function of the following limbic system structure:
hypothalamus
CENTER OF THE LIMBIC SYSTEM
coordinates circadian rhythms, neuroendocrine outputs, homeostatic mechanisms, autonomic functions and some behaviours
controls the anterior pituitary via releasing hormones
contains many nuclei i.e SCN
75
what is the function of the following limbic system structure:
septal nuclei
pleasure
76
what is the function of the following limbic system structure:
mammillary bodies
part of the hypothalamis that receives signals from the hippocampus via the fornix and projects them to the thalamus
77
what is the function of the following limbic system structure:
anterior nuclei of the thalamus
memory processing
78
what are the overall functions of the basal ganglia
control of voluntary movement
procedural learning
habit learning
eye movements
cognition
emotion
79
list the components of the basal ganglia
striatum (dorsal and ventral)
globus pallidus
ventral pallidum
substantia nigra
subthalamic nucleus
80
what are two targets for DBS for parkinsons
subthalamic nucleus and/or globus pallidus
81
where would you find the highest concentration of dopamine receptors in the brain
in the caudate nucleus
82
what are the two parts of the dorsal striatum
caudate nucleus and putamen
83
what are the two parts of the ventral striatum
nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle
84
what part of the brain mediates cravings and the reward pathway
ventral tegmental area
85
which neurotransmitters are catecholamines
dopamine
norepinephrine
epinephrnie
86
which are the monoamine neurotransmitters
the catecholamines + serotonin + histamine
87
which are the biogenic amine neurotransmitters
acetylcholine
88
which neurotransmitters are amino acids
glutamate
GABA
89
where, and from what, is serotonin synthesized
raphe nucleus
from tryptophan
90
what is melatonin made from
is a metabolite of serotonin
91
how do SSRIs decreased platelet aggregation
by inhibiting the 5-HT transporter and depleting serotonin within the platelet
92
which serotonin receptor is associated with mood and anxiety
5HT1A
93
which serotonin receptor is associated with weight gain
5HT2C
94
which serotonin receptor is associated with nausea
5HT3A
95
which serotonin receptor is associated with anxiety, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, akathesia
5HT2A
96
what is dopamine made from
tyrosine
97
what type of receptors are dopamine receptors
G protein coupled
98
where, and from what, is norepinephrine synthesized
in locus ceruleus
from dopamine
99
what happens if you severe the locus ceruleus in rats
more aggression
100
what is the major inhibitory amino acid
GABA
101
what is the major excitatory amino acid
glutamate
102
what neurotransmitter is associated with the following drug:
hallucinogens
serotonin
103
what neurotransmitter is associated with the following drug:
sedatives
GABA
104
what neurotransmitter is associated with the following drug:
opiate WITHDRAWAL
norepinephrine
105
what neurotransmitter is associated with the following drug:
stimulants
dopamine
norepinephrine
106
what neurotransmitter is associated with the following drug:
MDMA
serotonin
107
what neurotransmitter is associated with the following drug:
dissociatives
NMDA
glutamate
108
what neurotransmitter is associated with the following drug:
inhalants
NMDA
glutamate
