Gingiva

Question 1

Talk about oral mucosa

Answer 1

lines oral cavity

coated with serous & mucous secretions

Question 2

Talk about masticatory oral mucosa

Answer 2

represent 25%

consists of : hard palate & gingiva

Question 3

Talk abut lining oral mucosa

Answer 3

represents 60%
filmily
1) inferior surface or ventral surface of tongue
2) labial mucosa
3) buccal mucosa
4) soft palate

loosely

1) vestibule
2) alveolar mucosa
3) floor of mouth

Question 4

Talk about specialized oral mucosa

Answer 4

represents 15%

consists of dorsal surface of tongue

Question 5

What are components of oral mucosa

Answer 5

oral epithelium
lamina propria (c.t)
C.T papilla + epithelial ridges or rates pegs

Question 6

Talk about oral epithelium

Answer 6

keratinized & non-keratinized

cells are called keratinocyte’s

Question 7

What do keratinocytes involve in

Answer 7

maturation of oral epithelium

Question 8

Talk about macro anatomy of gingiva

Answer 8

Color : pale pink & pigmented in colored races
Extension : from gingival margins to alveolar mucosa
Site : covers tooth neck & part of alveolar bone
separated by mucogingival junction

Consists of : free-attached gingiva & interdental papilla

Question 9

Talk about MGJ

Answer 9

MGJ appears only in healthy gingiva
presents at facial surface of upper & lower jaw
Presents at lingual surface of lower jaw
But not at palatal surface of upper jaw

Question 10

Talk about free gingiva

Answer 10

extend along  cervical level of tooth facialy & lingualy
Extend to bottom of gingival sulcus 
tapers as knife edge ( gingival margin)
Free movable part
1-1.5 mm

separated from attached gingiva by free gingival groove

Question 11

Talk about gingival sulcus

Answer 11

A shallow groove
lined by non-keratinized epithelium

The more shallow of it , the more favourable condition of gingival margin

depth : 0-6 mm
average depth : 1.8mm

Lymphocytes & plasma cells present at C.T at the bottom of gingival sulcus

Question 12

Talk about attached gingiva

Answer 12

Extend from free gingiva to MGJ
Immovable part
attached to cementum & periosteum
has stipplings ( orange peel)
elevations of stipplings : high C.T papilae
depressions of stipplings : heavier epthelial rate pegs

depressed between eminence of socket forming inter-dental groove

absence of stipplings lead to inflammation

Question 13

Talk about inter-dental papila

Answer 13

fills the inter­proximal spaces between adjacent teeth.

Inter­dental papilla have a tent or wedge shape ,
base connecting the margin of the gingiva at the center of each tooth ,

the apex tapers to the contact area.

Deep to the inter­dental papilla, the transeptal fibers of PDL are present.

­The gingival tissue found in depression between the buccal and lingual peaks of inter dental papilla is called Col which is nonkeratinized.

Question 14

What are parts of gingiva that are non-keranized

Answer 14

Gingival sulcus

Col of inter-dental papila

Question 15

Talk about histology of gingiva

Answer 15

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
basement membrane
C.T papillae + epth.ridges= long-slender-numerous
C,T or lamina propria=irregular
no submucosa

Question 16

what are components of mucosa

Answer 16

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
basement membrane
C.T papillae + epth.ridges
C,T or lamina propria

Question 17

is there submucosa at gingiva

Answer 17

no

Question 18

what are cells that called stratum germativum

Answer 18

st. basal

st. spinosum ( para basal)

Question 19

Talk about stratum germativum

Answer 19

capablilty to divide by mitosis to give new cells to compensate those lost by desquamation at the surface

Question 20

what is turnover time of gingiva

Answer 20

41-57 days

Question 21

what is turnover time of cheek

Answer 21

25 days

Question 22

what do cancer therauptic drugs block

Answer 22

block mitotic division of host normal cells & rapid dividing cancer cells

Question 23

What is turnover time

Answer 23

It is the time when cell division occurs & each daughter cell recycles either as maturation component or in progenitor population

Question 24

Talk about basal cell layer

Answer 24

single layer of high cuboidal cells
cells connected together by desmosomes
cells connected with B.M by hemidesmosomes.
down growth of epithelium to CT. is called epithelial rete pegs

Epithelial ridges interdigitate with C. T. papillae.

The rete pegs of the gingiva are tall, numerous, slender and irregular.

­It is the least differentiated cells

presence of tonofilaments which are important for desmosomes

Question 25

Talk about desmosomes

Answer 25

Thickneing of 2 adj, cell membrane 2 attachment plaques tonofilaments extracellular structure

Question 26

Talk about st.spinosum

Answer 26

``` small polyhedral shape cells wide intercellular spaces desmosomes are prominent prickle appearance. active protein forming cells ``` contain; well developed Golgi apparatus-RER-mitochondria.

Question 27

What are intercellular bridges

Answer 27

desmosomes

Question 28

Talk about Odland bodies

Answer 28

Membrane coating granules in the superficial layer of the spinous in the lower granular cell layers. large , oval and have an internal lamellated structure. They originate from the Golgi system. responsible for the thickening of the cell membrane which occurs during keratinization. They may form an intercellular agglutinating material.

Question 29

Talk about st.granulosum

Answer 29

flat cells containing basophilic granules called keratohyalin granules. Their nuclei are small (hypnosis). The cells synthesize protein as they approach stratum cornium the rate of protein formation decreases. ­The tonofilaments are increased and are associated with keratohyaline granules. Odland's bodies are increased and discharged into the intercellular spaces

Question 30

Which cells has small nucleus or hypnosis nucleus

Answer 30

st.granulosum

Question 31

Talk about st.corneium

Answer 31

keratinized squamae larger and flatter than the granular cells. They are filled with closely packed tonofilaments surrounded by the matrix protein (filaggrin)

Question 32

What is the name of kertainohaylin granules

Answer 32

filaggrin

Question 33

What are 3 types of gingival epithelium

Answer 33

non-keratinized :10% para-kertanized:75% ortho-kertanized:15%

Question 34

Talk about para-kertanized

Answer 34

st.corneium retain pyknotic nucleus & remnants of organelle

Question 35

Talk about ortho-kertanized

Answer 35

at st.corneium , nucleus & organelle disappear

Question 36

Talk about criteria of non-kertainocytes

Answer 36

cant be stained with H&E Need special stain dont enter in kertanization & epthelial maturation Appear singly between kertainocytes dendritic except merkel cells no tonofilaments or desmosomes except at merkel

Question 37

What is special stain of merkel cells

Answer 37

immunostain

Question 38

What is the name of melanocytes if they are engulfed either by epthelial cell or C.T cell

Answer 38

Epthelial cells : melanophore | C.T cells : melanophage

Question 39

Talk about junction between epthelial & C.T

Answer 39

By light microscope Neutral mucopolysaccharides Fine argirophilic reticulin fibers. ­ Special anchoring fibers. ``` By electron microscope: ­Called basal lamina Clear zone (lamina lucida), found just below the epithelial cells. ``` •Dark zone (lamina densa), found below the lamina lucida and consists of granular and filamentous material. The anchoring fibers from C.T. penetrate the lamina densa in the region of hemidesmosomes. ­ The anchoring fibers interdigitate with the collagen fibers of C

Question 40

Where are elastic fiber found

Answer 40

walls of b.v

Question 41

which is the type of collagen fibers at superfacial papilary & Deep reticular layer

Answer 41

superfacial : collagen fibers in loose network with fine agriophilic fibers Deep : dense collagen fibers arranged in network

Question 42

Talk about lamina propria

Answer 42

consists of cells & intercellular substances | cosnsits of 2 layers