Giolittian Era 1900-1914

Question 1

Grand Trasfromismo

Answer 1

Giolitti’s theory of trying to give opponents some of what they wanted, in order to bring about a more stable country.

Question 2

1904 Orlando Law

Answer 2

An educational reform passed by Giolitti. It increased the compulsory education age to 12 -> as a result school attendance in Sicily rose from 54% in 1901 to 73% in 1906. This in turn created a more literate society and increased Italian identity. It also benefitted the economy as there were now more skilled workers.

Question 3

Giolitti’s expansion of the franchise in 1912

Answer 3

Giolitti widened the franchise in 1912 to soldiers as well as iterate men over the age of 21 and all men over the age of 30. This increased national identity as more people felt represented by government. However, more working class vote meant popularity increased.

Question 4

1911 Daneo-Credano Law

Answer 4

An educational reform passed by Giolitti, it nationalised the majority of schools.

Question 5

Giolitti’s women and children working reforms

Answer 5

women’s working hour were reduced to 12 hours a day. Children could not work under the age of 12.

Question 6

In what ways was southern Italy falling behind

Answer 6

• agricultural practise was still backward. Poverty widespread and land was controlled by few landowners.
• incomes in the south were half what they were in the north.
• government subsidies to improve transport and industry had little effect in the south e.g. failed investment in Naples

Question 7

How did Giolitti solve the issue of malaria in the south

Answer 7

Giolitti introduced Avinine in 1900 and by 1910 mortality had dropped 50%.

Question 8

what was Giolitti’s non-intervention policy

Answer 8

• Giolitti claimed 90% of strikes would collapse without intervention.
• In 1904, a general strike was called, and government remained neutral, and the strike collapsed in less than a week.

Question 9

weaknesses of Giolitti’s non-intervention policy

Answer 9

• proved that government would not intervene in protest, encouraging a revolution.
• what would happen if strikes went out of control?
• it upset many factory owners, who made up a large section of the liberal party’s electorate.

Question 10

position of PSI by 1900

Answer 10

• 32 seats (200,000 votes)
• owned their own newspaper- Avanti!
• Italy was not unified enough for a revolution
• catholics and socialists were in opposition with each other.