GIT

Question 1

Inflammatory lesions for GIT

Answer 1

• Acute appendicitis
• Chronic Gastritis
• Chronic Gastritis- Ulcer
• Pseudomembranous colitis

Question 2

There is neutrophilic infiltration of the muscularis propria

Answer 2

Acute appendicitis

Question 3

There is chronic mucosal inflammatory changes

Answer 3

Chronic Gastritis

Question 4

Cells present in Chronic Gastritis

Answer 4

Plasma cells, lymphocytes, occasional lymphoid follicles

Question 5

It is round to oval, sharply punched-out defect

Answer 5

Chronic Gastritis - Ulcer

Question 6

It is a local defect or excavation of the surface of an organ or tissue produced by the sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue

Answer 6

Ulcer ( Chronic Gastritis -ulcer)

Question 7

Is ulcer acute or chronic?

Answer 7

Both

Question 8

Causative agent of Pseudomembranous colitis

Answer 8

Clostridioides difficile

Question 9

Old name of Clostridioides difficile

Answer 9

Clostridium difficile

Question 10

Mucopurulent exudates erupt from damaged crypts to form “volcano” lesions

Answer 10

Pseudomembranous colitis

Question 11

Benign neoplasms

Answer 11

Adenomatous Polyp
Villous Adenoma-Colon

Question 12

Colorectal adenomas are precursor lesions of?

Answer 12

Adenocarcinoma

Question 13

These range from 0.3 to 10 cm in diameter and can be pedunculated or sessile

Answer 13

Colorectal adenoma (Adenomatous Polyp)

Question 14

Kinds of colorectal adenomas

Answer 14

Tubular adenoma
Villous adenoma
Sessile serrated adenoma

Question 15

Hallmarks of epithelial dysplasia

Answer 15

• nuclear hyperchromasia
• elongation
• stratification

Question 16

Villous glands, in finger-like projections composed of >75% of adenoma

Answer 16

Villous adenoma, Colon

Question 17

Polypoid lesions lined by dysplastic epithelium

Answer 17

Villous adenoma, colon

Question 18

Dysplastic cells and Hallmarks in villous adenoma, colon when seen in higher magnification

Answer 18

Nuclear hyperchromatism, cellular crowding (stratification) and elongation

Question 19

Malignant neoplasms

Answer 19

• squamous cell carcinoma -esophagus
• adenocarcinoma - stomach
• adenocarcinoma - colon
• adenocarcinoma - moderately differentiated - colon
• adenocarcinoma - poorly differentiated - colon
• carcinoid tumor

Question 20

What are present in squamous cell carcinoma esophagus

Answer 20

• sheets of squamous cells
• invasion of underlying stroma
• breach in basement membrane
• Keratin pearl formation

Question 21

This can be noticed in higher magnification of squamous cell carcinoma, esophagus

Answer 21

Intercellular bridging

Question 22

It is the most common malignancy in stomach

Answer 22

Adenocarcinoma, stomach

Question 23

2 main types of gastric adenocarcinoma

Answer 23

• intestinal-type
• diffuse infiltrative type

Question 24

It is diffuse type
Poorly differentiated or poorly cohesive carcinoma
And sheets and clusters of tumor cells infiltrate the stroma

Answer 24

Gastric adenocarcinoma

Question 25

This can be seen in individual cells of gastric adenocarcinoma when viewed in higher magnification

Answer 25

Signet-ring appearance

Question 26

Centrally, optically clear, gluboid droplet of cytoplasmic mucin with eccentrically placed mucleus

Answer 26

Signet ring appearance

Question 27

There is glandular confluence, invasion beyond the muscularis mucosae or submucosa, dirty necrosis, and sheets and clusters of glandular structures lined by tumor cells invade the stroma

Answer 27

Adenocarcinoma, colon

Question 28

These are necrotic debris present in the gland lumen

Answer 28

Dirty necrosis

Question 29

Tubules may be simple, complex, or slightly irregular. Sheets and clusters of glandular structures lined by tumor cells invading the stroma

Answer 29

Adenocarcinoma, moderately differentiated, colon

Question 30

Sheets and clusters of poorly formed glandular structures lined by tumor cells invading the stroma Less than 50% gland formation

Answer 30

Adenoids, poorly differentiated, colon

Question 31

Carcinoid tumor, colon new term

Answer 31

Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor

Question 32

Carcinoid tumor, colon is frequently found in?

Answer 32

Rectum

Question 33

Nests of tumor cells are present

Answer 33

Carcinoid tumor, colon

Question 34

There are monotonous regular cells with round or oval nuclei Salt and pepper chromatin and moderate eosinophilic granular cyctoplasm

Answer 34

Carcinoid tumor, colon