GIT

Question 1

Where is the trachea to the oesophagus

Answer 1

Left of oesophagus

Oesophagus is medial Dorsal to trachea

Question 2

How does the oesophagus wiggle

Answer 2

Between right side of aortic arch

And left of azygous vein

Question 3

How does oesophagus enter the cardia

Answer 3

Through the oesophagus hiatus in the diaphragm

Question 4

How would you image the oesophagus

Answer 4

Contrast study

Question 5

Common points of obstruction in oesophagus (3)

Answer 5

Hiatus in diaphragm

Thoracic inlet

Over Heart base - wiggle

Question 6

What is vascular ring anomaly

Answer 6

When there is a malformation of blood vessel

Causes narrowing of oesophagus

Question 7

What are the 2 layers of peritoneum

Answer 7

Visceral = organs

Parietal = wall

Question 8

What organs are in the peritoneum

In retro peritoneum

Answer 8

GIT
liver spleen bladder reproductive

Kidney
Adrenal

Question 9

What is mesentery

Answer 9

Same as visceral peritoneum

Surrounds organs

Question 10

Function of peritoneum (2)

Answer 10

Support and structure

Blood nerve and lymphatic

Question 11

What parts make up greater mesentery

Answer 11

Mesoillium

Mesojejunum

Question 12

What is the mesentery name for the stomach

Answer 12

Omentum

Question 13

What are 2 types of omentum

Answer 13

Greater and lesser

Question 14

Where does the greater omentum attach and what is its appearance

Answer 14

To greater curvature
Hangs like curtain

Lacy

Question 15

What are the sacs that form by the greater omentum called

Answer 15

Omental bursa

Question 16

The omentum is what type of membrane

What is it used for I. Surgery

Answer 16

Serous

Prevent infection

Question 17

Where does lesser omentum attach

Answer 17

Lesser curvature to liver

Question 18

What are 3 veins from GIT that lead to portal vein

Answer 18

Splenic vein

Cranial and caudal mesenteric vein

Gastroduodenal vein

Question 19

What is portosystemic shunting

Answer 19

Abnormal connection between systemic circulation and portal vein

Bypasses liver

Question 20

What are the mucosa secretions of each part of the stomach

Answer 20

Cardia - mucus

Fundus & body - pepsin & HCl

Pylorus - gastrin & mucus

Question 21

Imaging the stomach

Answer 21

Difficult when empty

Ultrasound for stomach wall

Question 22

What is gastric dilation volvus

GDV

Answer 22

Stomach twist

Turns around cardia

Question 23

How does canine intestine compare to ruminant

Answer 23

Shorter

Question 24

What is similar and different about large and small intestine

Answer 24

Same 4 layers of gut wall

SI has villi

Large does not

Question 25

What are the two parts of duodenum

Answer 25

Descending and ascending

Question 26

What is the bend I. The duodenum called

Answer 26

Caudal flexure

Question 27

What is a key feature of duodenum

Answer 27

BRUNNERS GLANDS At start of duodenum Because of acid chyme Bicarbonate rich glands

Question 28

Which part of small intestine is most mobile and absorption

Answer 28

Jejunum

Question 29

Histologically how does the Jejunum compare to rest of SI

Answer 29

Longer villi = more absorption Also note irregular

Question 30

What direction does ileum run

Answer 30

Dorsal Cranial Right

Question 31

Key feature of ileum

Answer 31

Peyers patches

Question 32

What is in large intestine that helps digestion

Answer 32

Commensal bacteria

Question 33

What are 3 regions of large intestine

Answer 33

Caecum - boreal function in carnivores Colon Rectum

Question 34

What can be seen histologically on LI (2)

Answer 34

No villi Goblet cells - lubrication

Question 35

What is the junction called between ileum and caecum

Answer 35

Ileocaecocolic junction

Question 36

Caecum joins where

Answer 36

At side junction with muscular caecocolic junction

Question 37

Where is colon What is function

Answer 37

Dorsally Absorb water and electrolytes

Question 38

How does the wall of colon compare with small intestine

Answer 38

Thinner No villi Lymph nodules

Question 39

How does the colon run

Answer 39

Ascending - right side limited movement short Transverse - right to left flexible attachment Descending - longest part left side

Question 40

Where is rectum found

Answer 40

Dorsally in pelvic canal

Question 41

What is rectum attached to

Answer 41

Mesorectum Pelvic diaphragm Vagina or urethra

Question 42

What are the 2 sphincter in anus

Answer 42

Internal - involuntary External - voluntary

Question 43

What is the anal canal

Answer 43

Invagination of ectoderm

Question 44

Where are animal glands

Answer 44

Between anus sphincters

Question 45

What is atresia

Answer 45

Failure to develop opening of anus or canal fails to open

Question 46

Oesophagus Name of muscle that acts as sphincter

Answer 46

Cricopharyngeal