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Git Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Function of large intestine?

A
  1. Absorption of water
  2. Production of certain vitamins
  3. Storage of undigested food 4.
  4. Formation and excretion of feces
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2
Q

Where is ileum attached to cecum?

A

At the junction of ascending colon and cecum on the the left side

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3
Q

Position of appendix on - - cecum?

A

Posteriomedial surface of cecum about 1 inch below the ileocecal junction

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4
Q

Vasculature of cecum?

A

Anterior and posterior cecal arteries from ileocolic arteries which is a branch of sma
Veins trains into superior mesentarie vein

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5
Q

Nerve supply to celum?

A

Sympathetic and vagus via superior mesenteric plexus

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6
Q

What is meso appendix?

A

Appendix is completely covered by peritoneum which is attached to the mesentery of small intestine by a short mesentery of its own called meso appendix
Mess appendix have vessels and nerves of appendix

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7
Q

Vasculature of appendix?

A

Appendicular artery
Is a branch of posterior cecal artery
Veins drain into posterior decal vein

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8
Q

Length and position of ascending colon?

A

Length = 5 inch
Extends upwards from cecum to inferior surface of right lobe of liver

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9
Q

What part of ascending colon is covered by peritoneum?

A

Front and sides are covered by peritoneum and it is attached to posterior abdominal wall
From behind

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10
Q

Vasculature of ascending colon?

A

’ Ileocolic artery and right colic artery branches of sma

Veins drain into superior mesentaric vein

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11
Q

Length and position of transverse colon?

A

Length= 15 inch goes across the abdomen
And occupies umbilical and hypogastric region
From right colic flexure below right lobe of liver to left colic flexure below the spleen
Left colic flexure is higher than right

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12
Q

Phrenicocolic ligament?

A

Ligament that helds the left colic flexures in place

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13
Q

Mesentery of transverse colon?

A

Transverse mesocelon
Attached to superior border of transverse colon ç and suspend it from pancreas
Greater omentum
Attached to inferior border of transverse colon

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14
Q

Vasculature of transverse colon??

A

Proximal two thirds → middle colic artery → sma
Distal one thirds → left colic artery → ima

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15
Q

Length and position of descending colon?

A

Length = 10 inch descends downward from the left colic flexure
To the pelvis brim

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16
Q

Peritoneum on descending colon?

A

It is covered by peritoneum on front and sides and attaches it to the posterior was

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17
Q

Vasculature of descending color??

A

Left colic and sigmoid branches of ima
Veins drains into Imv

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18
Q

Length and position of sigmoid colon?

A

Length = 10 - 15 inch
Continuation of descending colon and then goes down to 3rd sacral vertebra where rectum Strats

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19
Q

Sigmoid mesocolon??

A
  • Fan shaped , ‘attaches sigmoid colon with posterior abdominal wan
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20
Q

Vasculature of sigmoid colon?

A

Sigmoid branches of ima

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21
Q

What ligament divides the liver into right and left lobe?

A

Falsiform ligament

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22
Q

What structures divide the right note of liver into quadrate and caudate lobes?

A
  1. Fissure for ligament venosum
  2. Fissure for ligament teres
  3. Gall bladder
  4. Inferior vena cava
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23
Q

How much liver is surrounded by peritoneum ?

A

Liver is partially surrounded by peritoneum

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24
Q

What is the position of porta hepatic and the structures passing through it.?

A

It is posterioinferiorly and the structures passing are

Right and left hepatic ducts
Portal vein
Right and left branches of hepatic artery
Nerves and lymph vessels

25
What is ligamentum teres and where is Its fissure located in liver?
Ligament teres is the fibrous remain of umbilical vein Its fissure is present between left lobe and quadrate lobe
26
What is ligament venosum and where is its fissure present?
It is the remain of ductus venosus Its fissure is present between left lobe and caudate lobe
27
Position of groove for inferior vena cava in liver?
Between the right and caudate lob e
28
Position of fossa of gall bladder?
Between quadrate and right lobe There is no peritoneum between gall bladder and right lobe of liver
29
What is falciform ligament and what. Does it attaches liver to?
It is two-layered peritoneal fold It attaches liver to the diaphragm above and anterior abdominal wall below It contains ligament teres
30
What does the coronary ligament attaches the liver to?
To diaphragm
31
How is right triangular ligament formed and what does it attaches liver to?
It is formed by V shaped fold of peritoneum by right End of coronary ligament Connects the posterior surface of right lobe to the diaphragm
32
How is left triangular ligament formed?
Formed by the folding of left end of coronary ligament Attaches the left lobe to the diaphragm posteriorly
33
Attachments of lesser omentum?
Upper end is attached to the margins of porta hepatic and fissure of ligaments venosum Lower end is attached to the lesser curvature of stomach
34
Urinary secretions occurs due to which three processes?
Glomerular filtration - tubular reabsorption + tubular secretions = urinary excretions
35
Glomerular filtration " rate depends upon?
1.net filtration pressure 2. Kf (filteration coefficient ) GFR = nf pressure x kf
36
What are the coloid osmotic and hydrostatic pressures in glomerular capillaries and bowman's capsule?
1. Glomerular capillaries pressure: Hs = 50 mm Hg Co = 30 mmhlg 2. Bowman's capsule pressures: Hs =10 mm Hg Co = O mm Hg
37
What is the net filtration pressure or starling forces of glomerulus?
Net filtration pressure = forces favoring filtration - forces opposing filtration Nfp= (GChp +BCco) - (GCco+BChp) Nfp=(50+0) -(30+10) Nfp=10mmHg
38
What is filtration co-efficient or what does it depends on?
Kf = permeability of membrane ( hydrolic conductivity) x surface area of membrane Increase in any one of them will increase kf and it will in turn increase GFR
39
What is filtration, fraction ?
The fraction of Plasma flow through glomerular capillary that has been filtered Ff = GFR / renal plasma flow Ff=120/600 Ff=0.2 or 20 %
40
How much is filtration coefficient?
Since GFR=Nfp x Kf Kf= GFR/Nfp =120/10=12ml/mmhg/min/total glomeruli in total renal substance of both kidneys ( 300 g)
41
Diseases that thickened the glomerular membrane or decreases its permeability?
1. Diabetes 2. Hypertension
42
Diseases that reduces surface area of kidneys and glomeruli becomes fibrotic ?
1. Chronic pyelonephritis ( inflammation of kidneys ) 2. Chronic glomeruloneph ritis ( inflammation of gromeruli )
43
Vasculature of liver?
1. Hepatic artery (branch of celiac artery) 2. Portal vein enters the liver 3.hepatic vein drains into inferior vena cava
44
Lymph drainage of liver?
Drains into celiac nodes in porta hepatic and some drains into posterior mediastinal modes
45
Anatomy and function of gall bladders?
Pear shaped Present on undersurface of liver Three parts: fundus, body and neck Neck is continuous with cystic duct Function = stores and concentrate bile by absorbing water from it
46
Arterial and Venus supply of gan bladder?
Cystic artery which is branch of right hepatic artery Cystic vein that drains into portal vein
47
Lymph drainage of gall bladder?
Cystic modes near the neck of gall bladder→ hepatic modes → celiac modes
48
Hormone that contracts the gall bladder?
Cholecystokinin → produced by duodenum when food arrives in stomach
49
What is ampulla of vater?
Where common bile duct and pancreatic duct opens into duodenum
50
What is the sphincter around ampulla of vater? Called
Sphincter of oddi
51
What is uncinate process of pancreas?
It is projection on the left from lower part of the head
52
Where does the hilus of pancreas ends?
It ends in the hilus of spleen through Splenicorenal ligament
53
Location of pancrease?
Behind the stomach and on posterior abdominal wall
54
What is the blood supply of pancreas?
. Splenic and superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
55
Vein of pancreas drains into?
Portal vein
56
What is the position of spleen?
Beneath the left half of diaphragm close to 9th, 10th and 11th ribs
57
What are the ligament of spleen and what are their contents?
1. Gastrosplenic omentum → connects it to stomach Contents → short gastric and left gastroepiploic artery 2. Splenicorenal ligaments → connects it to left kidney Contents → tail of pancreas and splenic vessels
58
Vasculature of spleen?
Splenic artery → branch of celiac artery Splenic veins drains into portal vein by joining SMV

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