GIT drugs Flashcards
(34 cards)
1
Q
Cimetidine
A
- H2 antagonist. (-tidine suffix)
- Causes decreased gastric acid secretion in parietal cells.
- Used in heart burn, peptic ulcers…
- Can cause gynecomastia in men and inhibits CYTP450 so can be dangerous.
- Other H2 antagonists - Ranitidine, Femotidine, and Nizatidine.
2
Q
Ondansetron
A
- Antiemetic drug, inhibits 5HT-3 receptor.
- Treats vomiting, can cause constipation and headache,
3
Q
Scopalamine
A
- Antiemetic drug, muscarinic antagonist.
- Used to treat motion sickness.
4
Q
Metoclopramid
A
- Antiemetic drug, D2 antagonist.
- Treats vomiting, and has some upper GI prokinetic effects.
- Can increase prolactin levels.
5
Q
Aprepitant
A
- Antiemetic drug, NK1 antagonist.
- Treats vomiting.
- Doesn’t have effects on dopamine, serotonin or muscarinic receptors so has less adverse side effects.
6
Q
Sodium Bicarbonate
A
- A systemic antiacid, weak base that is highly soluble and is rapidly absorbed. It reacts and neutralizes gastric acid.
7
Q
Aluminium Hydroxide
A
- A non-systemic antiacid, not so soluble and acts only locally in GIT.
- Can lead to constipation!
8
Q
Magnesium Hydroxide
A
- A non-systemic antiacid, not so soluble and acts only locally in GIT.
- Can lead to diarrhea!
9
Q
Misoprostol
A
- A prostaglandin acting as a protective agent for the gastric mucosa.
10
Q
Sucralfate
A
- A mucosal protective agent, acting as a barrier.
- Requires acidic environment to work, so is not combined with antiacids.
11
Q
Colloidal Bismuth
A
- A mucosal protective agent, by coating the ulcer protecting it, as well as acting as a bactericidal agent against H. pylori.
- It causes dark feces and black teeth.
12
Q
Omeprazole + Iansoprazole + Pantoprazole
A
- Are PPI - Proton pump inhibitors ( -prazole suffix)
- They directly inhibit the proton pumps, and they require an acidic environment to be active.
- They are the 1st line of defense against GERD and duodenal or gastric ulcers.
- Omeprazole is contraindicated in pregnancy!
13
Q
Bethanechol
A
- M2 agonist
- Prokinetic agent
14
Q
Neostigmine
A
- AChE inhibitor
- Prokinetic agent
15
Q
Cisaprid
A
- Excitatory presynaptic 5HT-4 receptor agonist
- Prokinetic agent
16
Q
Erythromycin
A
- Excitatory motilin receptor activator
- Prokinetic agent
17
Q
Magnesium compounds (magnesium hydroxide/ citrate)
A
- Osmotic laxative
18
Q
Lactulose
A
- Osmotic laxative
- Can be also used for hepatic encephalopathy
19
Q
Polyetheleneglycol
A
- Osmotic laxative
20
Q
Psyllium
A
- Bulk forming laxative
21
Q
Carboxymethylcellulose
A
- Bulk forming laxative
22
Q
Dextrose
A
- Bulk forming laxative
23
Q
Plant Gum
A
- Bulk forming laxative
24
Q
Decusate Salts
A
- Stool softeners
25
Liquid Petroleum
- Lubricant laxative
26
Senna
- Stimulant laxative
27
Caster oil
- Stimulant laxative
28
Cascara
- Stimulant laxative
29
Bisacodyl
- Stimulant laxative
30
Phenolphthalein
- Stimulant laxative
31
Opioids used as antidiarrheals
Loperamide + Diphenoxylate + Opium Tincture
| - Decrease bowel motility - feces goes back and forth not allowing it to be excreted.
32
Octreotide
- A somatostatin analog - Antidiarrheal drug.
- Decreases acid production and decreases intestinal fluid...
- Used to treat symptoms of VIPoma/ carcinoid syndrome/ gastrinoma...
33
Anticholinergics used as antidiarrheals
Atropine + Belladonna Alkaloids + Hyoscyamine
| - They decrease intestinal muscle tone and peristalsis, so slows down movement of feces.
34
Bismuth Subsalucylate + Kaolin pectin + Activated Charcoal
- These are absorbant antidiarrheal drugs.
| - They coat the walls of GIT and bind to the causative agent which is then eliminated.
