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git patho Flashcards

1
Q

mumps involve which organs

A

parotid
testicle(orchitis)
pancreas
meninges

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2
Q

most common tumor of salivary gland

A

pleomorphic adenoma

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3
Q

which nerve affected by malignant tumor of parotid gland

A

facial nerve

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4
Q

which is the 2nd most common type of benign tumor of salivary gland

A

warthin tumor

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5
Q

most common malignant tumor of salivary gland?

A

mucoepidermoid tumor

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6
Q

esophageal web has increased risk for which cancer?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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7
Q

features of plummer vinson syndrome

A

Fe deficiency anemia
esophageal web
red tongue due to atrophic glossitis

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8
Q

zenker diverticulum arises where?

A

upper esophageal sphincters

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9
Q

reason for mallory weiss syndrome?

A

severe vomiting causing laceration at GE junction

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10
Q

most common cause of death in cirrhosis?

A

esophageal varices rupture due to portal hypertension

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11
Q

painless hematemesis and panful hematemesis seen in which diseases?

A

painful: mallory weiss syndrome
painless: esophageal varices

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12
Q

reason for achalasia

A

damaged ganglion cells in myenteric plexus

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13
Q

bird beak sign seen in which condition?

A

achalasia

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14
Q

how clinically Gerd and achalasia differentiated?

A

by giving proton inhibitors

no response in achalasia

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15
Q

risk factors for gerd?

A 
obesity
fat rich diet
caffeine
smoking
alcohol
hiatal hernia
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16
Q

what change seen in barret esophagus

A

epithelium line changes from NKSSE to non ciliated columnar cell with goblet cell

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17
Q

difference between gastroschisis and omphalocele

A

in omphalocele there is persistent herniation and the abdominal content which are protruded are covered in amnion sac and peritoneum while those in gastroschisis are not covered but bare.

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18
Q

when congenital pyloric stenosis is presented?

A

2 weeks after birth

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19
Q

clinical features of pyloric stenosis?

A

olive shaped mass in abdomen
projectile vomiting
visible peristalsis

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20
Q

what is curling ulcer?

A

Curling’s ulcer is an acute gastric erosion resulting as a complication from severe burns. decreased blood supply upset the defense mechanism.

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21
Q

what is Cushing ulcer?

A

increased vagus stimulation due to brain injury which leads to increased acid production

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22
Q

what is stress ulcer

A

Stress ulcers are multiple, superficial erosions which develop after shock, sepsis, and trauma and are often found in patients with chronic medical illness.

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23
Q

which hypersensitivity is involved in autoimmune chronic gastritis?

A

type 4

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24
Q

diagnostic feature of AI chronic gastritis

A

antibodies against parietal cells

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25
Q

what is the most common cause of sialadenitis

A

sialolithiasis. obstruction due to stone

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26
Q

why pleomorphic adenoma has high rate of recurrence?

A

irregular margins

27
Q

4 symptoms of TE fistula?

A

vomiting
polyhydramnios
abdominal distension
aspiration

28
Q

esophageal web increases risk for what?

A

esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

29
Q

what is halitosis and when it is seen?

A

bad breath

zenker diverticulum

30
Q

how esophageal vein drain into portal vein

A

through left gastric vein

31
Q

painless hematemesis seen when?

A

esophageal varices

32
Q

most common cause of death in cirrhosis?

A

esophageal varice

33
Q

what are the 2 key probs in achalasia?

A

unable to relax LES

impaired peristalsis

34
Q

where is myenteric plexus present?

A

between inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of muscularis propria

35
Q

classic disease linked with achalasia

A

trypanosoma cruzi infection in chagas disease

36
Q

achalasia increases risk for what diseases

A

autoimmune

esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

37
Q

what type of metaplasia is seen in barret esophagus?

A

NKSSE changes into nonciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

38
Q

does gerd always causes barret esophagus?

A

no, only 10% of time

39
Q

what are the late complications of gerd?

A

ullceration with stricture

barret esophagus

40
Q

what are the complication of barret esophagus?

A

dysplasia

adenocarcinoma

41
Q

pyloric stenosis presents when?

A

2 weeks after birth

mostly in males

42
Q

3 symptoms and signs of pyloric stenosis?

A

olive like mass in abdomen
projectile vomiting
visible peristalsis

43
Q

what is the cause of acute gastritis?

A

acidic damage to mucosa

44
Q

what is curling cancer

A

severe burn decreases blood supply to mucosa of stomach which is one of the normal defense mechanism

45
Q

what is cushing ulcer?

A

increased intracranial pressure causing vagus simulation which releases ach which increase acid production by parietal cells

46
Q

risk factors for acute gastritis

A 
severe burn
shock(stress ulcer)
NSAIDS(decreases PGE2)
alcohol consumption
cushing and curling ulcer
chemotherapy
47
Q

chronic autoimmune gastritis targets which area

A

body and fundus of stomach

48
Q

chronic H.pylori targets which area

A

antrum of stomach

49
Q

which cells are targeted in chronic AI gastritis and how do you diagnose

A

parietal cells

autoantibodies against parietal cells and intrinsic factor

50
Q

clinical feature of chronic AI gastritis

A

atrophy of mucosa
achlorhydria
G cell hyperplasia
megaloblastic anemia

51
Q

complication of chronic gastritis? autoimmune type

A

gastric adenocarcinoma involving metaplasia of intestinal type

52
Q

what is the most common cause of Vit B1 2 deficiency

A

chronic gastritis

53
Q

what are the complications of Hpylori gastritis

A

peptic ulcer disease
gastric adenocarcinoma
MALT lymphoma

54
Q

2 types of peptic ulcer disease?

A
  1. duodenum (90%)

2. gastric (10%)

55
Q

reasons of duodenal ulcer?

A

95% of time due to H pylori

5% of time ZE syndrome

56
Q

diagnosis of duodenal ulcer?

A

hypertrophy of brunner gland to compensate for damage

57
Q

most common site of duodenal ulcer?

A

wall of anterior duodenum

58
Q

complications of post duodenum duodenal ulcer?

A

acute pancreatitis

gastroduodenal artery bleeding

59
Q

reasons for gastric ulcer?

A

H pylori (75%)
NSAIDS
bile reflux

60
Q

location of gastric ulcer?

A

lesser curvature of antrum

61
Q

duodenal atresia is associated with what disease?

A

down syndrome

62
Q

double bubble sign and bird beak sign is seen in what probs?

A

bird beak seen in achalasia

double bubble seen in duodenal atresia

63
Q

what is the most common congenital anomaly of git

A

meckel diverticulum

GIT (4 decks)

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