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GIT Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

aphthous ulcers

A

painful
canker ulcers
ass with crohn’s disease

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2
Q

Behcet syndrome

A

triad of;
aphthous ulcers
genital ulcers
uveitis

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3
Q

oral herpes

A

HSV1
Virus remains dormant in trigeminal nerve ganglion

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4
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

precursor lesions;
leukoplakia
erythroplakia
(cannot be scraped off)
Diff from ORAL CANDIDIASIS THRUSH AND HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA, as they can be SCRAPED OFF

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5
Q

pleomorphic adenoma

A

benign
mobile,painless,circumscribed
may progress to Ca and involve FACIAL NERVE

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6
Q

warthins tumor

A

Cystic tumor with abundant lymphocytes and germinal centers
benign
no facial nerve involved

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7
Q

plummer vinson syndrome

A

triad of;
esophageal web
beefy red tongue
Fe def anemia

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8
Q

zenkers diverticulum

A

false diverticulum
at the juction of eso and pharynx

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9
Q

mallory weiss syndrome

A

longitudinal ulcers at GE junction
painful hematemesis

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10
Q

Boerhavv syndrome

A

esophygeal rupture leading to;
air in mediastinum
subcutaneous emphysema

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11
Q

esophageal varices

A

caused by portal HTN
Painless hematemesis

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12
Q

achalasia

A

dec eso motility
dec relaxation of LES
Ass with MYENTERIC PLEXUS DAMAGE and CHAGAS DISEASE
( Trypanosoma Cruzi)
BIRD BEAK Sign

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13
Q

eso adenocarcinoma

A

proliferation of gandular cells
from preexist BARRETES ESOPHAGUS
lower 1/3 os eso

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14
Q

eso squamous cells Ca

A

proliferation of sq ceells
upper or middle 1/3
MOST COMMON ESO CA
causes;
achalasia
eso web
eso injury
alc, hot tea

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15
Q

eso sq cell carcinoma is also associated with

A

hoarse voice(recurrent laryngeal nerve)
cough (tracheal involvement)

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16
Q

pyloric stenosis presentation

A

non bilious vomit
visible paristalsis
olive like mass in the abd

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17
Q

curling ulcer

A

occurs in BURN PTS
loss of skin>fluid loss> dehydration>hypotension to stomach>mucosal damage>ulcer

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18
Q

cushing ulcer

A

inc ICP
Inc stimulation of vagus nerve
inc acid prod

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19
Q

H.pylori treatment

A

triple therapy
modified triple therapy
quadruple therapy

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20
Q

testsfor H. pyori

A

urea breath test
stool antigen test

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21
Q

if duodenal ulcer in post wall

A

rupture of GSTRODUODENAL ARTERY

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22
Q

gastric ulcers

A

lesser curvature
left gastric artery involved

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23
Q

intestinal type gastric carcinoma

A

Large
Irregular
Heaped up margins
Lesser curvature
Ass with intestinal metaplasia(h.pylori or autoimmune gastritis) ,nitrosamines , blood group A
May SPREAD TO periumblical region ( SISTER MARY JOSEPH NODULE)

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24
Q

diffused type gastric Ca

A

SIGNET RING Cells
not ass with h.pylori
desmoplasia (linitus plastica)
lesser trelat sign
spreads to left supraclavicular nodes(VIRCHOW NODES)
May SPREAD TO bilateral OVARIES (KRUKERBER TUMOR)

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25
Duodenal atrasia
double bubble sign
26
meckels diverticulum
true diverticulum failure of vitelline duct to involute bt week 10 2 in long located in small bowel within 2 feet of ilocecal wall
27
volvulus
common in SIGMOID COLON AND CECUM
28
INTUSSESSSPTion
COMMON CAUSES; in children ROTAVIRUS (lymphoid heperplasia) in adults TUMOR
29
Small bowel obs
transmural > thrombus /embolus in sumesenteric art or mesenteric vein mucosal> marked hypotension symptoms> abd pain bloody diarrhea dec bowel sounds
30
necrotizing enterocolitis
neonatal terminal illeum int obs and necrosis
31
celiac disease
immune mediated helper T cell mediated damage of villi gluten exposure pathogenic component of gluten> GLIADIN HLA DQ2 nad DQ8 DERMITITIS HERPETIFORMIS
32
what are the lab findings of celiac disease
igA def( as it's used against tTG or gliadin Duodenal biopsy ( villi flattening, hyperplasia of crypts, intaepithelial lymphocytes
33
how is tropical sprue diff from celiac disease
in tropical regions after infectious diarrhea and in response to antibiotics damage to jejunum and illeum
34
whiple disease involve which organism
tropheryma whipelli systemic tissue damage classic site is small bowel lamina propria steatorhea
35
carcinoid syndrome
occurs when tumor metastasized to liver. symptoms; diarrhea flushing bronchospasm
36
in carcinoid tumor
inc serotonin dec tryptophan inc 5 HIAA in urine
37
f carcinoid metastasized to liver
no serotonin metabolized into 5 HIAA Inc serotonin in systemic circ carcinoid syndrom carcinoid heart disease (right sided valves invloved)
38
treament of carcinoid tumor
octreotide
39
appendicitis pain is characteristically
guarding and rebound pain
40
damaged myenteric(auerbach's) plexus
achalasia hirshprung disease
41
hirshprungs disease
defective relaxation and paarstalsis of rectum and distal sigmoid colon ass with DOWN SYND
42
clinical features of hirshprung disease
failure to pass the MUCONIUM empty rectum with digital rectal exam megacolon( prox to obstruction)
43
what's the diagnostic test for hirshprungs
rectal suction biopsy barium imaging
44
what's the treatment option for hirshprung
surgical ressectionof the involved bowel
45
true and false diverticula
True> meckels diverticulum ( failure of vitelline duct to involute ) False> zenker's ( out pouching of phrngeal mucosaa through defective muscular wall ) False> ( colonic )
46
Symptoms of colonic diverticulum
Usually asymptomatic, complications include; Rectal bleed ( hematochezia) bright red blood Diverticulitis ( appendicitis kike symptoms Sigmoid colon Left lower quadrant) Colovesicular fistula Occult blood Fever Raised wbcs
47
What's angiodysplasia?
Right colon ( arises in the cecum? Malformation of capillary bede Rupture Bleeding
48
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Thin walled blood vessels in the mouth and GI tract
49
Ischemic collitis
Splenic flexure Watershed areas of SMA symptoms; postprandial pain weight loss infarction resulting into pain and bloody diarrhea
50
irritable bowel syndrome
different from IBD in; disturbed intestinal motility ( immune-mediated inflammation of the bowel) may cause diarrhea or constipation ( causes diarhea ,bloody or non-bloody) improves with defecation ( treated with antiinflammatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies) major symptoms; bloating ,flatulence,diarrhea/constipation, ( abd pain,repeated diarrhea, usually bloody)
51
Colonic polyps types
Hyperplastic Adenomatous
52
Adenomatous polyps involve?
Neoplastic proliferation of glands Benign but premalignant ( may progress to adenocarcinoma
53
Hyperplastic poplyps involve?
Hyperplasia of the glands No dysplasia or malignant potential
54
What are the screening tests for colonic polyps?
Colonoscopy Fecal occult blood
55
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis etiology?
inherited APC mutation affects the entire colon and rectum All the affected parts removed prophylactically; otherwise, Ca in 40 yrs
56
gardner syndrome
triad of; FAP( inherited, 100s of adenomatous colon polyps) FIBROMATOSIS(proliferation of fibroblasts in retroperitoneum) OSTEOMA( benign tumor of bones)
57
TURCOT SYNDROME
FAP with CNS tumors (medulloblastoma+ glial tumors)
58
juvenial polyp
benign hemartous solitary usually that prolapses causing painless bleeding if large in no can cause cancer
59
puetz jeghers syndrome
hemartomatous benign with freckels on lips genitals
60
colorectasl ca common age group
60 to 70 yrs
61
what molecular pathways are involved in colorectal ca
adenoma carcinoma sequnce microsatellite instability pathway
62
colorectal ca is associated with whih dsease
strept bovis endocarditis
63
hat is the serum tumor marker for colorectal ca
CEA
64
What are soem specific features of MSI pathway
right sided prox ascending colon fe def anemia wt loss exophytic tumors
65
what are the specific features for adenoma carcinoma pathway
LLQ Pain blood streaked stool change in stool calliber circumferential lesions

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